Question

ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА! СРОЧНО! Ответьте на вопросы: 1) What are the main sea-going qualities of a ship? 2) What does the steering of a ship depend on?

Answer 1

Ответ:

1)Seaworthiness includes: buoyancy, stability, unsinkability, steerability, smoothness, seaworthiness of the vessel.

2)The controllability of the vessel depends on the operation of propellers, roll, trim and draught of the vessel, wind and roughness, water depth under the keel, distance to the walls of hydraulic structures of canal brooks and bottlenecks.

Answer 2

Main Sea-Going Qualities of a Ship

The main sea-going qualities of a ship refer to the characteristics that enable a ship to navigate and operate effectively at sea. Some of the key qualities include:

1. Seaworthiness: A ship should be able to withstand the forces of the sea, including waves, wind, and rough weather conditions. It should have a strong hull and be designed to handle different sea states.

2. Stability: A ship should have sufficient stability to maintain an upright position and resist capsizing. This is achieved through the ship's design, including the placement of ballast and the shape of the hull.

3. Maneuverability: A ship should be able to change direction and navigate through various waterways. This requires effective steering and propulsion systems, as well as a well-designed hull shape.

4. Speed: Ships need to be able to travel efficiently and at a reasonable speed to reach their destinations in a timely manner. The speed of a ship depends on factors such as engine power, hull design, and the condition of the ship's bottom.

5. Cargo Capacity: Ships are designed to carry cargo, so they should have sufficient space and stability to accommodate different types of cargo. This includes considerations such as cargo hold size, weight distribution, and loading/unloading mechanisms.

6. Safety: Ships should be equipped with safety features and systems to ensure the well-being of the crew and passengers. This includes life-saving equipment, fire suppression systems, and navigation aids.

These are some of the main sea-going qualities of a ship, but it's important to note that different types of ships may have additional qualities specific to their intended purpose, such as ice-breaking capabilities for polar vessels or offshore capabilities for oil tankers [[1]].

Factors Affecting the Steering of a Ship

The steering of a ship depends on several factors, including:

1. Rudder: The rudder is a key component of a ship's steering system. It is a movable surface located at the stern (rear) of the ship that controls the flow of water around the ship's hull, thereby changing its direction. By turning the rudder, the ship's course can be altered.

2. Propulsion: The propulsion system of a ship, such as propellers or water jets, plays a crucial role in steering. By adjusting the speed and direction of the propulsion system, the ship's movement can be controlled, which in turn affects its steering.

3. Hull Design: The shape and design of a ship's hull can influence its steering characteristics. Factors such as the hull's hydrodynamics, including its shape, length, and width, can affect how the ship responds to steering inputs.

4. Water Currents: The presence of water currents can impact a ship's steering. Ships may need to account for the direction and strength of currents when maneuvering, as they can affect the ship's ability to maintain its desired course.

5. Wind: Wind can also affect a ship's steering. Strong winds can create a force known as "windage," which can push the ship off course. Ship captains and navigators need to consider wind direction and strength when steering the ship.

6. Navigation Equipment: Modern ships are equipped with advanced navigation systems, such as GPS and radar, which provide real-time information about the ship's position and surroundings. This information helps the crew make informed decisions when steering the ship.

These factors, among others, contribute to the steering of a ship. It is important for ship operators to consider these factors and make appropriate adjustments to ensure safe and efficient navigation [[2]] [[3]].