Question

ПОЖАЛУЙСТА! СРОЧНО! НУЖНО СОСТАВИТЬ ПЕРЕСКАЗ, ГРАМОТНО! ВЫРАЗИВ ОСНОВНЫЕ МЫСЛИ! THE PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT Since ancient times, the pyramids at Giza in Egypt have been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations. The largest of these, the Great Pyramid of Giza, or Khufu's Pyramid, is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still survives today. It was the tallest building in the world for almost 5,000 years - that is, until the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. Pharaohs, the first rulers of Egypt, built pyramids to show their power to the people. The first Pharaohs built much simpler tombs called mastabas. These mastabas were square buildings with a room inside big enough for the coffin, the mummy of the pharaoh's body and his treasures. Ancient Egyptians believed that dead people still needed their bodies and treasures, such as paintings, gold and jewels, for their life after death. Many of the pyramids were decorated inside, especially in the room where the dead pharaoh was laid. Archaeologists discovered many pictures in the tombs and mysterious writing on the walls called hieroglyphics. Invented about 5,000 years ago, hieroglyphics are the oldest form of writing. They were just simple drawings of everyday things we see and hear. The Egyptians believed that both the hieroglyphics and the tomb pictures were magical, which is why they painted them inside the pyramids. When we look at the pyramids today, it is easy to see that they were built to last for a very long time. Have you ever wondered how these great monuments were built? Many archaeologists believe that the builders first studied the stars to decide which direction the pyramid would face, as Egyptians believed the pharaohs would join the stars after death. Then, they built a small mastaba on the ground. Next, they put dirt and stones all over it, leaving a tunnel to the outside. To raise the stones to the top of the pyramid, they probably built long ramps and then rolled the stones up them. The city of Giza is on the River Nile. The Nile was also very important in the building of the pyramids as it was used to transport the stones from far away. Granite and marble, for example, were brought from Aswan, which is over 500km away. Many ships also brought limestone, used for the outside walls of the pyramids, from the city of Tura, which was just across the river from Giza. Just to give you an idea of how large the Great Pyramid is - it is the height of a modern 40-storey building, or over 145 metres. It covers an area of land the size of seven city streets. Workers used 2,300,000 blocks to build it, each weighing 2,500 kilograms (2.5 tons . It took about 36,000 workers (mostly slaves and farmers) between 20 and 30 years to build it. This means that for every minute they worked, they added three blocks to the pyramid! In conclusion, there is still a great deal of wonder and mystery surrounding the pyramids. No one knows for certain exactly when and how they were built. So far 46 of them have been found in Egypt. However, maybe there are others lying underneath the sand just waiting to be discovered. Only time will tell!

Answer 1

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Giza's pyramids

The pyramids at Giza [ˈgiːzə] are popular with tourists. The largest one is called the Great Pyramid of Giza (Khufu's Pyramid).

Pharaohs, tombs [tuːm]  

Pharaohs ['feərəu] were the first rulers of Egypt. Their slaves built pyramids to show pharaohs' power. First, simple tombs were built, mastabas — square buildings with a room ➡ with a coffin ➡ with the mummy of the pharaoh's body ‍♂️ and his treasures inside. The purpose: preserve bodies and treasures for the afterlife.

Hieroglyphs ♒

Tombs were decorated with pictures and hieroglyphics — mysterious writings on walls, which were invented 5k years ago. More description: simple drawings of everyday things people see and hear. Purpose: create the magical effect.

The process of building pyramids

• The builders first studied the stars (to decide which direction the pyramid would face)
• When place is set, building a tomb.
• Next, put dirt and stones around, leave a tunnel — entrance.

Nile's importance

The city of Giza is on the River Nile. Nile was used to transport stones.

Scale

• the Great Pyramid is as tall as a modern 40-storey building .
• a pyramid covers an area of seven streets.
• 2,300,000 blocks used, each weighing 2,500kg.
• ⏳ 36,000 workers
• every minute they built 3 blocks

There are 46 pyramids discovered.

Answer 2

The pyramids of Egypt, particularly those at Giza, have been a popular tourist destination since ancient times. Among them, the Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as Khufu's Pyramid, is the sole surviving wonder of the ancient world. Standing as the tallest man-made structure for nearly 5,000 years, it held that record until the construction of the Eiffel Tower in 1889.

The pharaohs, the earliest rulers of Egypt, constructed pyramids to demonstrate their power and authority. Initially, they built simpler tombs called mastabas, which were square structures with a room spacious enough to accommodate the pharaoh's coffin, mummy, and treasures. Ancient Egyptians believed that the deceased required their bodies and valuable possessions, such as paintings, gold, and jewels, for the afterlife.

Many of the pyramids featured elaborate decorations on their interiors, particularly in the chamber where the deceased pharaoh was laid to rest. Archaeologists discovered numerous paintings and mysterious writings on the walls, known as hieroglyphics. Dating back 5,000 years, hieroglyphics represent the oldest form of writing. They consisted of simple drawings representing everyday objects and sounds. The Egyptians considered both hieroglyphics and tomb paintings to possess magical properties, hence their inclusion within the pyramids.

When we observe the pyramids today, their enduring construction becomes apparent. Have you ever wondered how these monumental structures were built? Many archaeologists believe that the builders initially studied the stars to determine the pyramid's orientation, as Egyptians believed that the pharaohs would join the stars in the afterlife. They would then construct a small mastaba on the ground and cover it with dirt and stones, leaving a tunnel for access. To transport stones to the top of the pyramid, they likely constructed long ramps and rolled the stones up them.

The city of Giza, located on the River Nile, played a crucial role in pyramid construction. The Nile served as a transportation route for stones brought from distant locations. Materials such as granite and marble were sourced from Aswan, over 500 kilometers away. Additionally, ships transported limestone, used for the outer walls of the pyramids, from the nearby city of Tura, situated across the river from Giza.

To grasp the magnitude of the Great Pyramid, imagine a modern 40-story building standing at a height of over 145 meters. It covers an area equivalent to seven city streets. Approximately 2,300,000 blocks, each weighing 2,500 kilograms (2.5 tons), were used in its construction. It took an estimated 36,000 workers, mostly comprising slaves and farmers, between 20 and 30 years to complete. In other words, they added three blocks to the pyramid every minute they labored.

In conclusion, the pyramids continue to evoke wonder and mystery. The exact methods and timelines of their construction remain uncertain. So far, Egypt has revealed the existence of 46 pyramids. However, there may be more lying hidden beneath the desert sands, waiting to be discovered.