Question

Read the text again for more detailed information and find in the text words and word combinations which mean: 1. основана на …; 2. взаимоотношения; 3. они могут поссориться из-за того, что неправильно поняли друг друга; 4. драма развилась из (произошла от) гимна; 5. повозка, в которой он вез все свое имущество; 6. он получил награду (приз); 7. первый профессиональный исполнитель; 8. эта роль всегда принадлежала священникам или королям; 9. публика, которая платит деньги; 10. хроники новостей, показывающие процессии и войны; 11. искусство кино быстро развивалось; 12. великие достижения России в области кинематографии; 13. с помощью титров; 14. длинные очереди; 15. немые фильмы; 16. полностью звуковой фильм.ТЕКСТ:Theatre and Cinema: How It All BeganTheatrical drama, as we understand it today, is based on three things. First, there must be an actor or actors speaking or singing. Second, there must be some dramatic conflict (or different relations) between actors. The two sides may be enemies, they may be friends that can’t agree with each other, or they may be divided by misunderstanding. Third, and just as important as the other two, there must be an audience following the progress of the drama.The first theatrical performances of this kind took place in ancient Greece. The Greek drama developed from hymns sung to Dionysius, the god of wine and good life. But it did not become true theatre until such performances included stories of the other gods and actors to represent them.The first known actor was called Thespis. He was the leading singer and travelled from his birthplace to Athens in a cart that carried all his belongings and could be turned into a stage for performance. In Athens he won a prize at the new drama festival. People believe that he was also the first man who separated himself from other singers to make a dialogue with them. He was the first professional performer who was brave enough to play a god. Before him this role had always belonged to priests or kings.Cinema is much younger than theatre. It was born at the end of the 19th century. The first people who showed the first movies to a paying public were the Lumiere Brothers of France. They did this at the Grand Cafe, Boulevard des Capucines, Paris, on the 20th February 1896. This was the first cinema show and it was quickly followed by many others in all parts of the world. The first films showed moving people and transport or newsreels of processions and wars, and short comedies. In 1901 France was the first country to produce a dramatic film, The Story of a Crime, which was followed by The Great Train Robbery in the United States in 1903.At first, films were shown anywhere: in music halls, clubs and shops. By 1908, special film theatres were being built to give regular programmes. At this time cinema rapidly developed in both the New and the Old World. Charlie Chaplin made his first film, Making a Living, in 1914 in the USA. The Russian film industry was now going its own way. It produced such great films as Protazanov’s The Queen of Spades (1916) and Father Sergius (1918). Both films starred Ivan Mosjoukhin, the famous actor. A little later Russia’s great achievement in cinema was connected with its directors such as Eisenstein (The Battleship «Potemkin»), Pudovkin (Mother), Kuleshov (By the Law), Dovzhenko (Earth), and others. Then, in 1927, Warner Brothers in Hollywood made the first film in which an actor sang and spoke. The film was called Jazz Singer. It opened a new era in films — the era of the «talkies». The film mostly told its story with titles, but it had three songs and a short dialogue. There were long lines of people in front of the Warner Theatre in New York. The silent film was dead within a year. The first one hundred percent sound film, Lights of New York, appeared in 1928. The first colour films were made in the 1930s, but black-and-white films are still made today.ДАЮ 40 БАЛЛОВ!!!

Answer 1

1. is based on 2. relations 3. they may be divided by misunderstanding  4. drama developed from hymns 5. a cart that carried all his belongings  6. he won a prize 7. the first professional performer 8. this role had always belonged to priests or kings 9. a paying public 10. newsreels of processions and wars 11. cinema rapidly developed 12. Russia’s great achievement in cinema 13. with titles 14. long lines 15. The silent film 16.one hundred percent sound film

Answer 2

1. based on - основана на
2. relations - взаимоотношения
3. divided by misunderstanding - поссориться из-за того, что неправильно поняли друг друга
4. developed from - развилась из
5. cart that carried all his belongings - повозка, в которой он вез все свое имущество
6. won a prize - получил награду (приз)
7. first professional performer - первый профессиональный исполнитель
8. role had always belonged to priests or kings - эта роль всегда принадлежала священникам или королям
9. paying public - публика, которая платит деньги
10. newsreels of processions and wars - хроники новостей, показывающие процессии и войны
11. cinema rapidly developed - искусство кино быстро развивалось
12. great films - великие достижения России в области кинематографии
13. with the help of titles - с помощью титров
14. long queues - длинные очереди
15. silent movies - немые фильмы
16. fully sound movie - полностью звуковой фильм.