Question

4.Разрежьте луковицу вдоль и рассмотрите её. Найдите у неё стебель и листья.Определите, чем отличается луковица от корневища и клубня.

Answer 1

Difference between an Onion Bulb, Rhizome, and Tuber

When examining an onion bulb, it is important to note its structure and compare it to other underground plant structures such as rhizomes and tubers.

Onion Bulb: - An onion bulb is a modified underground stem that stores nutrients for the plant. - It consists of fleshy, concentric layers called scales, which surround a central bud. - The scales are modified leaves that store food reserves. - The central bud, known as the growing point, gives rise to the stem, leaves, and flowers. - The roots of the onion bulb emerge from the basal plate at the bottom of the bulb. - The bulb is covered by a dry, papery outer layer called the tunica.

Rhizome: - A rhizome is a modified underground stem that grows horizontally beneath the soil surface. - It has nodes and internodes, with nodes producing roots and shoots. - Rhizomes store food reserves and can give rise to new plants through vegetative propagation. - Examples of plants that have rhizomes include ginger, turmeric, and bamboo.

Tuber: - A tuber is a swollen, underground stem or root that stores nutrients. - It is typically rounded or oblong in shape. - Unlike an onion bulb, a tuber does not have scales or a central bud. - The eyes or buds on a tuber are the points from which new shoots can emerge. - Examples of plants that have tubers include potatoes and yams.

In summary, an onion bulb is a modified underground stem with fleshy scales and a central bud, while a rhizome is a horizontal stem that grows underground and can give rise to new plants. A tuber, on the other hand, is a swollen underground stem or root without scales or a central bud.