Question

В чём различия между теорией Дарвина и современной теории Эволюции?

Answer 1

Differences between Darwin's Theory and Modern Theory of Evolution

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, proposed in the mid-19th century, laid the foundation for our understanding of how species change over time. While Darwin's theory was groundbreaking, our understanding of evolution has since evolved and been refined through new discoveries and advancements in scientific research. Here are some key differences between Darwin's theory and the modern theory of evolution:

1. Mechanisms of Evolution: - Darwin's theory focused primarily on natural selection as the main mechanism driving evolution. He proposed that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. - The modern theory of evolution incorporates additional mechanisms such as genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. These mechanisms contribute to the genetic variation within populations and can lead to evolutionary changes over time.

2. Inheritance of Traits: - Darwin's theory did not provide a detailed explanation of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next. He proposed the concept of "blending inheritance," where traits from parents blend together in offspring. - The modern theory of evolution incorporates the principles of genetics and Mendelian inheritance. It recognizes that traits are determined by genes, which are inherited from parents in discrete units. This understanding allows for a more precise explanation of how traits are passed on and how genetic variation is maintained within populations.

3. Molecular Basis of Evolution: - Darwin's theory did not account for the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic variation and evolutionary changes. - The modern theory of evolution incorporates our understanding of DNA, genes, and the molecular processes that drive genetic variation and evolution. It recognizes that changes in DNA sequences, such as mutations and genetic recombination, are the basis for genetic variation and the raw material for natural selection to act upon.

4. Fossil Record and Transitional Forms: - Darwin's theory was supported by the fossil record available during his time, which showed evidence of species that had gone extinct and new species that had emerged over time. However, the fossil record was incomplete, and transitional forms were scarce. - The modern theory of evolution has been further supported by an expanded and more detailed fossil record, as well as the discovery of numerous transitional forms. These transitional forms provide evidence of gradual changes and evolutionary transitions between different species.

5. Modern Synthesis and Genetic Variation: - Darwin's theory did not incorporate the concept of genetic variation within populations or the role of genetic diversity in evolution. - The modern theory of evolution, often referred to as the "Modern Synthesis," combines Darwin's theory of natural selection with our understanding of genetics and population genetics. It recognizes that genetic variation within populations is essential for evolution to occur and that natural selection acts on this variation.

In summary, while Darwin's theory of evolution laid the foundation for our understanding of how species change over time, the modern theory of evolution incorporates additional mechanisms, such as genetic drift and gene flow, and our understanding of genetics and molecular biology. It also benefits from a more extensive fossil record and the discovery of transitional forms. These advancements have refined and expanded our understanding of evolution.