Question

Установите последовательность процесса конъюгации у инфузории туфельки 1. Обмен гапоридными ядрами2. Образование конъюгационного мостика между инфузориями и растворение вегетативного ядра 3. Сближение двух инфузорий4. Деление генеративного ядра5. Слияние собственного гаплоидного ядра с гаплоидным ядром другой инфузории

Answer 1

Sequence of Conjugation Process in Paramecium:

The conjugation process in Paramecium involves several steps. Here is the sequence of events:

1. Exchange of Micronuclei: During conjugation, two Paramecium individuals come together and align side by side. They then exchange genetic material through a temporary cytoplasmic bridge called the conjugation bridge. This bridge allows the exchange of haploid micronuclei, which contain the genetic information of the organism [[1]].

2. Formation of Conjugation Bridge: The conjugation bridge is formed by the extension of the cell membrane between the two Paramecium individuals. This bridge connects the cytoplasm of both organisms, allowing the transfer of genetic material [[2]].

3. Dissolution of Vegetative Nucleus: After the formation of the conjugation bridge, the vegetative nucleus of each Paramecium dissolves. The vegetative nucleus is responsible for the normal cellular functions of the organism. Its dissolution allows the micronuclei to take over the genetic functions during conjugation [[3]].

4. Alignment of Paramecia: The two Paramecium individuals come closer and align themselves parallel to each other. This alignment facilitates the transfer of genetic material between the organisms [[4]].

5. Division of Generative Nucleus: The micronuclei that were exchanged undergo mitotic division, resulting in the formation of four haploid micronuclei in each Paramecium individual. These micronuclei will later develop into new macronuclei [[5]].

6. Fusion of Haploid Nuclei: Finally, the haploid micronuclei from one Paramecium fuse with the haploid micronuclei of the other Paramecium. This fusion results in the formation of a diploid micronucleus in each organism. The diploid micronucleus will later develop into a new macronucleus, which contains the genetic information required for normal cellular functions [[6]].

It is important to note that the process of conjugation in Paramecium is a form of sexual reproduction that allows for genetic diversity and the exchange of genetic material between individuals.