Question

Кислород используется клетками для...................,необходимой для работы.......................

Answer 1

1окисления  органических  веществ. 2жизнедеятельности.

Answer 2

для окисления органических веществ с освобождением содержащейся в них энергии, необходимой для жизнедеятельности.

Answer 3

The Role of Oxygen in Cellular Function

Oxygen plays a crucial role in cellular function and is necessary for various processes within cells. It is used by cells to generate energy through a process called cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to break down glucose and other molecules to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of cells.

ATP is essential for various cellular activities, including:

1. Metabolism: ATP provides the energy needed for metabolic reactions, such as the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular components.

2. Active Transport: ATP powers active transport processes, which involve the movement of molecules across cell membranes against their concentration gradient.

3. Muscle Contraction: ATP is required for muscle contraction, allowing muscles to generate force and perform movements.

4. Nerve Impulse Transmission: ATP is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, enabling communication between nerve cells.

5. Cellular Signaling: ATP is also involved in cellular signaling pathways, regulating various cellular processes and responses.

Cellular Respiration and Oxygen Utilization

Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells. It involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to produce ATP. Oxygen is a critical component of cellular respiration and is used as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which is the last stage of cellular respiration.

Here's a simplified overview of cellular respiration:

1. Glycolysis: Glucose is broken down into pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm, producing a small amount of ATP.

2. Pyruvate Oxidation: Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and converted into acetyl-CoA, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.

3. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where it undergoes a series of reactions that generate ATP, carbon dioxide, and high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2).

4. Electron Transport Chain: The high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) generated in the previous steps donate their electrons to the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in this chain, combining with electrons and protons to form water. This process generates a large amount of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

In summary, oxygen is used by cells as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. This process allows cells to generate ATP, which is essential for various cellular functions.