Question

Скелет беспозвоночных

Answer 1

Любое животное, не имеющее позвоночника, относится к беспозвоночным.
У беспозвоночных отсутствует костный скелет, но у многих имеется внешний жесткий, раковинообразный панцирь.

Беспозвоночные животные – это удивительный мир, к которому принадлежат простейшие и губки, медузы и кораллы, опасные паразитические животные и удивительные по красоте раковин моллюски; к ним относятся крабы и раки, морские ежи и звезды и многие другие необычные существа.
Численность этого «населения»  – сотни тысяч видов (более 90% живущих представителей животного мира –  это беспозвоночные!!!)
Эта огромная группа животных насчитывает 27 типов: простейшие и губки, кишечнополостные и моллюски, иглокожие и членистоногие и многие-многие другие (только червей – несколько типов!)

Answer 2

Skeleton of Invertebrates

The skeleton of invertebrates refers to the structural framework that supports and protects their bodies. Unlike vertebrates, which have an internal skeleton made of bones, invertebrates have a variety of skeletal structures that can be made of different materials such as chitin, calcium carbonate, or silica.

Invertebrates make up the vast majority of animal species on Earth and include a wide range of organisms such as insects, crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and jellyfish. Each group of invertebrates has its own unique skeletal adaptations that suit their specific needs and lifestyles.

Types of Invertebrate Skeletons

1. Exoskeleton: Many invertebrates, such as insects and crustaceans, have an exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is a hard, external covering that surrounds the animal's body and provides support and protection. It is made primarily of chitin, a tough and flexible material. The exoskeleton also serves as an attachment point for muscles and provides a barrier against predators and environmental factors.

2. Endoskeleton: Some invertebrates, such as echinoderms (e.g., starfish and sea urchins), have an endoskeleton. The endoskeleton is an internal framework made of hard plates or ossicles. These plates are connected by a network of muscles and ligaments, allowing for movement and flexibility. The endoskeleton provides support, protection, and attachment points for muscles.

3. Hydrostatic Skeleton: Certain invertebrates, like worms and jellyfish, have a hydrostatic skeleton. This type of skeleton relies on fluid-filled compartments or cavities that provide support and allow for movement. Muscles surrounding the fluid-filled compartments contract and relax, changing the shape of the body and enabling locomotion.

4. Skeletal Elements: In addition to the above types of skeletons, some invertebrates have specialized skeletal elements. For example, mollusks have shells made of calcium carbonate, which protect their soft bodies. Some sponges have a skeleton made of silica spicules, while others have a flexible protein-based skeleton.

Conclusion

In summary, the skeleton of invertebrates varies depending on the group to which they belong. Invertebrates have evolved different types of skeletons, including exoskeletons, endoskeletons, hydrostatic skeletons, and specialized skeletal elements. These structures provide support, protection, and enable movement for these diverse organisms.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and may not cover all aspects of the topic. For more detailed or specific information, it is recommended to consult reliable sources or specialized literature.