Question

Фрагмент молекули ДНК має такий нуклеотидний склад ТТТ-ТЦГ-ТАЦ-АЦЦ Змоделюйте процес реплікації цієї молекули

Answer 1

ААА-АГЦ-АТГ- ТГГ ДНК
ААА-АГЦ-АУГ-УГГдля РНК

Answer 2

Перший ланцюг ДНК: ТТТ-ТЦГ-ТАЦ-АЦЦ
другий ланцюг ДНК: ААА-АГЦ-АТГ-ТГГ

Answer 3

DNA Replication Process

The process of DNA replication involves the duplication of a DNA molecule. It is a crucial step in cell division and ensures that each new cell receives an identical copy of the genetic information. Let's model the process of replication for the given DNA fragment: TTT-TCG-TAC-ACC.

1. Step 1: Unwinding - The first step in DNA replication is the unwinding of the double helix structure. The enzyme helicase unwinds and separates the two strands of the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides. - In our DNA fragment, the two strands would separate, resulting in two single strands: TTT-TCG-TAC-ACC.

2. Step 2: Priming - Once the DNA strands are separated, primase synthesizes short RNA primers on both strands. These primers provide a starting point for DNA synthesis. - In our DNA fragment, primers would be synthesized on both strands: TTT-TCG-TAC-ACC.

3. Step 3: DNA Synthesis - DNA polymerase enzymes catalyze the addition of complementary nucleotides to each DNA strand. The nucleotides are added in a 5' to 3' direction, following the base-pairing rules (A with T, and C with G). - Starting from the RNA primers, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to each strand. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments. - Let's model the replication of the leading and lagging strands separately:

Leading Strand: - The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, following the unwound template strand. - For the given DNA fragment, the leading strand would be synthesized as follows: - Leading Strand Template: TTT-TCG-TAC-ACC - Leading Strand Synthesis: AAA-AGC-ATG-TGG

Lagging Strand: - The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short fragments called Okazaki fragments. Each Okazaki fragment requires a separate primer. - For the given DNA fragment, the lagging strand would be synthesized as follows: - Lagging Strand Template: AAA-AGC-ATG-TGG - Lagging Strand Synthesis: TTT-CGA-TAC-CGG

4. Step 4: Primer Removal and DNA Ligation - After DNA synthesis, the RNA primers are removed by the enzyme DNA polymerase I and replaced with DNA nucleotides. - The Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand are joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase, creating a continuous strand. - In our DNA fragment, the RNA primers would be removed and replaced with DNA nucleotides, and the Okazaki fragments would be ligated together.

5. Step 5: Result - After the completion of DNA replication, we would have two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. - For the given DNA fragment, the result of replication would be two identical DNA molecules: TTT-TCG-TAC-ACC.

Please note that this is a simplified model of DNA replication and does not include all the enzymes and proteins involved in the process. However, it provides a basic understanding of how DNA replication occurs.