Question

Доклад на тему уховёртки сделайте пожалуйста)))

Answer 1

Необычный вид уховерткам (Dermaptera) придают клешнеобразные придатки на конце брюшка, которые по научному называются церки. У самцов церки крупнее, у каждого вида они имеют свою форму. Подвижное брюшко позволяет закидывать церки вперед, выставляя их над головой как грозное оружие. Уховертка может ущипнуть за палец, если ее грубо схватить. Народное поверье, что, заползая в ухо, она может проткнуть барабанную перепонку, основано на мифах.

Уховертка (Forficula auricularia L.) из отряда кожистокрылых, имеет удлиненное тело; на голове большие глаза, ротовые органы, грызущие и направлены вперед. Усики длинные, нитевидные, с ясно выраженными члениками. Передние крылья твердые, короткие, без жилкования. Брюшко в конце имеет «щипцы», состоящие из двух твердых крючков. Уховертка является грызущим огородным и плодовым вредителем. Она грызет цветы, листья, полузрелые семена, плоды и т. д. Забравшись по ножкам в улей, уховертка живет во влажном и утепляющем материале или межстенном ульевом пространстве, питается медом, пергой и пчелами, вылавливая и уничтожая их. При разборке улья она, из-за боязни света, прячется в утепляющем материале и щелях улья.

Обычна огородная уховертка (Forficula tomis), живет во влажных местах, дуплах деревьев, иногда в подвалах. Питается гниющими органическими остатками, случайно может вредить овощам. Самка заботится о потомстве, устраивая специальную гнездовую камеру, где сворачивается вокруг кучки яиц. Охраняет и облизывает яйца, предохраняя их от плесени.

Answer 2

The Squirrel: An Overview

The squirrel is a small to medium-sized rodent that belongs to the family Sciuridae. There are over 200 species of squirrels found worldwide, with the most common being the tree squirrel. Squirrels are known for their bushy tails, sharp claws, and ability to climb trees with ease. They are found in various habitats, including forests, woodlands, parks, and urban areas.

Physical Characteristics

Squirrels have a compact and agile body, with a length ranging from 5 to 36 inches, depending on the species. They have a bushy tail that helps them maintain balance while climbing and jumping. Their fur can vary in color, including shades of brown, gray, black, and red. Squirrels have sharp incisors that continuously grow throughout their lives, allowing them to gnaw on nuts, seeds, and tree bark.

Diet and Feeding Habits

Squirrels are primarily herbivorous, although some species may also consume insects and small vertebrates. Their diet mainly consists of nuts, seeds, fruits, berries, and tree buds. They are known for their habit of hoarding food for the winter months. Squirrels have cheek pouches that allow them to carry and store food efficiently.

Behavior and Adaptations

Squirrels are highly adaptable creatures and have developed various behaviors and adaptations to survive in different environments. Some species are diurnal, being active during the day, while others are nocturnal. They are excellent climbers and can jump long distances between trees. Squirrels build nests, known as dreys, using leaves, twigs, and other materials. These nests provide shelter and protection from predators.

Reproduction and Life Cycle

Squirrels typically have a breeding season that varies depending on the species and geographic location. Female squirrels give birth to a litter of 2 to 8 offspring, known as kits or pups. The gestation period ranges from 30 to 60 days. The young squirrels are born blind, hairless, and completely dependent on their mother for several weeks. They gradually develop and become independent after a few months.

Predators and Threats

Squirrels have several natural predators, including birds of prey, snakes, foxes, and domestic cats and dogs. They use their agility and speed to escape from predators. However, habitat loss, deforestation, and urbanization pose significant threats to squirrel populations. Climate change and the introduction of invasive species can also impact their survival.

Fun Facts about Squirrels

- Squirrels have excellent vision and can see colors. - They have a keen sense of smell, which helps them locate food. - Squirrels communicate using vocalizations, body language, and scent marking. - Some species of squirrels can glide through the air using a membrane of skin called a patagium. - Squirrels have been known to dig up and bury thousands of nuts each year, but they often forget where they buried them, which helps in the dispersal of tree seeds.

Please note that the information provided above is based on general knowledge about squirrels and may vary depending on the specific species.