Question

Какие критерии вида можно определить по названиям следующих групп видов : 1)мышь домовая , муха комнатная , клоп постельный 2) медведь бурый , заяц беляк , крыса серая , медведь белый ? Какое общее название можно дать видам первой группы ? Почему виды этой группы являются доказательством относительности данного критерия ?

Answer 1

1)  по названиям данных видов можно выделить , что критерий вида определялся местом обитания того или иного объекта 
2)  здесь уже название вида определялось  по цветовым критериям
Название первой группы -  обитатели дома/квартиры .  Эти виды являются доказательством относительности данного критерия , потому что они обитают в доме .комнате ,постели и их названия это оправдывают

Answer 2

Criteria for Species Identification Based on Group Names

When examining the group names provided, we can identify certain criteria for determining the species. Let's analyze each group separately:

Group 1: 1) Мышь домовая (House mouse) 2) Муха комнатная (Housefly) 3) Клоп постельный (Bed bug)

From the names of the species in this group, we can infer that the common criterion for identification is the habitat or environment in which these species are typically found. The species in this group are all associated with human dwellings or indoor environments. Therefore, the common name that can be given to the species in this group is "house" or "domestic".

The fact that the species in this group are all associated with human dwellings or indoor environments demonstrates the relativity of this criterion. While these species are commonly found in human habitats, they may not be exclusive to them. For example, the house mouse can also be found in agricultural fields, and the housefly can be found in various outdoor environments as well. This indicates that the criterion of habitat or environment alone is not sufficient for absolute species identification.

Group 2: 1) Медведь бурый (Brown bear) 2) Заяц беляк (Snowshoe hare) 3) Крыса серая (Gray rat) 4) Медведь белый (Polar bear)

In this group, the common criterion for identification appears to be the color or appearance of the species. The names of the species directly reference their color or appearance. Therefore, the common name that can be given to the species in this group is "color-based" or "appearance-based".

It is important to note that the species in this group also demonstrate the relativity of this criterion. While the names suggest a specific color or appearance, there can be variations within each species. For example, brown bears can range in color from light brown to dark brown, and snowshoe hares can change their fur color from brown to white depending on the season. This indicates that relying solely on color or appearance may not provide an absolute basis for species identification.

In summary, the criteria for species identification based on the group names provided are habitat/environment for the first group and color/appearance for the second group. However, the relativity of these criteria is evident, as the species within each group may not be exclusively defined by these factors.