Question

Как шла эволюция растительной иживотной клетки? ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТВ ОЧЕНЬ НУЖНО!!!

Answer 1

Эволюция клетки. (часть первая). Все живые существа состоят из клеток - маленьких, окруженных мембраной полостей, заполненных концентрированным водным раствором химических веществ. Простейшие формы жизни - это одиночные клетки, размножающиеся делением. Более высокоразвитые организмы, такие как мы сами, можно сравнить с клеточными городами, в которых специализированные функции осуществляют группы клеток, в свою очередь связанные между собой сложными системами коммуникаций. В известном смысле клетки находятся на полпути между молекулами и человеком. ... Бактерии и цианобактерии. Протисты, грибы, растения и животные. Размер клеток. Обычный линейный pазмеp - 1-10 мкм. Обычный линейный размер 10-100 мкм. Метаболизм

Answer 2

Evolution of Plant and Animal Cells

The evolution of plant and animal cells is a complex process that spans billions of years. While I don't have access to specific search results for this topic, I can provide a general overview based on my knowledge.

Plant Cell Evolution: Plant cells are believed to have evolved from ancient photosynthetic bacteria called cyanobacteria. Over time, these bacteria formed a symbiotic relationship with other organisms, leading to the development of more complex plant cells. The key steps in the evolution of plant cells include:

1. Endosymbiosis: The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that eukaryotic cells, including plant cells, evolved from the incorporation of smaller prokaryotic cells. This process involved the engulfment of photosynthetic bacteria by a host cell, leading to the development of chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

2. Cell Wall Formation: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection. The evolution of this cell wall allowed plants to grow taller and develop complex structures.

3. Specialized Organelles: Plant cells have various specialized organelles, such as chloroplasts for photosynthesis and vacuoles for storage. These organelles evolved to perform specific functions and contribute to the overall complexity of plant cells.

4. Vascular Tissue: The evolution of vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, allowed plants to transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout their bodies. This innovation facilitated the colonization of land by plants.

Animal Cell Evolution: Animal cells, like plant cells, are eukaryotic and share a common ancestor. The evolution of animal cells involved several key developments:

1. Multicellularity: The evolution of animal cells coincided with the transition from single-celled organisms to multicellular organisms. This allowed for the specialization of cells and the development of complex tissues and organs.

2. Nucleus and Membrane-Bound Organelles: Animal cells, like other eukaryotic cells, have a nucleus that houses the genetic material. The evolution of the nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, allowed for more efficient cellular processes.

3. Cellular Differentiation: Animal cells have the ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and skin cells. This differentiation is essential for the development and functioning of complex animal organisms.

4. Nervous System and Sensory Organs: The evolution of animal cells also involved the development of a nervous system and sensory organs. These adaptations allowed animals to respond to their environment and exhibit complex behaviors.

It's important to note that the evolution of plant and animal cells is a vast and ongoing field of study. Scientists continue to uncover new information and refine our understanding of how these cells evolved over time.