Question

5. В каком случае реакцию организма нельзя назвать рефлексом?1) отдергивание руки при прикосновении к горячему чайнику2) реакция собаки на голос хозяина3) выделение слюны на запах печеного хлеба4) реакция сердца на адреналин

Answer 1

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Answer 2

In which case can the body's reaction not be called a reflex?

A reflex is an involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus. It is typically a rapid and predictable reaction that helps protect the body from harm or maintain homeostasis. Let's analyze each scenario to determine if it qualifies as a reflex:

1) Jerking the hand away when touching a hot teapot: This is a classic example of a reflex. The heat from the teapot stimulates the pain receptors in the skin, which triggers a reflex arc. The sensory neurons send signals to the spinal cord, which then sends motor signals to the muscles, causing the hand to jerk away. This reflex helps prevent burns and further injury. [[1]]

2) Dog's reaction to the owner's voice: While dogs can exhibit conditioned responses to specific sounds or commands from their owners, this does not qualify as a reflex. A reflex is an innate, involuntary response that does not require prior conditioning. The dog's reaction to the owner's voice is likely a learned behavior rather than a reflex. [[2]]

3) Salivation in response to the smell of freshly baked bread: This is another classic example of a reflex known as the salivary reflex. The smell of food stimulates the olfactory receptors, which send signals to the brain's salivary centers. In response, the brain sends signals to the salivary glands, causing them to secrete saliva. This reflex prepares the body for digestion. [[3]]

4) Heart's reaction to adrenaline: The heart's response to adrenaline is not considered a reflex. Adrenaline is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress or excitement. It acts on the heart by increasing the heart rate and contractility. While this response is automatic and involuntary, it is not classified as a reflex because it is mediated by hormonal signaling rather than a reflex arc. [[4]]

In summary, the scenarios of jerking the hand away from a hot teapot and salivating in response to the smell of freshly baked bread can be considered reflexes. However, the dog's reaction to the owner's voice and the heart's response to adrenaline are not classified as reflexes.