Question

Нарисуйте строение нефрона Подпишите его основные части0

Answer 1

1- мальпигиев клубочек
2- собирательная трубка
3- дистальная извитая часть канальца
5-приносящая клубочковая артериола
4- выносящая клубочковая артериола
6- клубочек
7- капсула клубочка
8- проксимальная извитая часть канальца
,

Answer 2

Structure of a Nephron

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. It consists of several key parts, each with its own specific function. Here is a detailed description of the main components of a nephron:

1. Renal Corpuscle: The renal corpuscle is the initial part of the nephron and is responsible for filtering blood. It consists of two main structures: - Glomerulus: The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. It receives blood from the afferent arteriole and filters it by allowing small molecules and waste products to pass through while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells. - Bowman's Capsule: Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is produced. It has a double-layered structure with an inner layer of specialized cells called podocytes, which help in the filtration process.

2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): The proximal convoluted tubule is the next part of the nephron after the renal corpuscle. It is a twisted tubular structure that reabsorbs most of the filtered substances back into the bloodstream. It plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes.

3. Loop of Henle: The loop of Henle is a U-shaped structure that follows the proximal convoluted tubule. It consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb. The loop of Henle plays a vital role in concentrating urine and maintaining the osmotic balance of the body. The descending limb allows water to pass out of the tubule, while the ascending limb actively transports sodium and other ions out of the tubule.

4. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): The distal convoluted tubule is located after the loop of Henle. It is responsible for further reabsorption and secretion of substances. The DCT plays a role in regulating the pH and electrolyte balance of the body by selectively reabsorbing or secreting ions such as sodium, potassium, and hydrogen.

5. Collecting Duct: The collecting duct is the final part of the nephron. It receives urine from multiple nephrons and carries it towards the renal pelvis. The collecting duct plays a crucial role in the final concentration and dilution of urine, depending on the body's hydration status.

Summary:

The structure of a nephron can be summarized as follows: - Renal Corpuscle (Glomerulus and Bowman's Capsule) - Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) - Loop of Henle (Descending and Ascending Limbs) - Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) - Collecting Duct

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results from various sources. For more detailed information, it is recommended to consult reliable textbooks or medical resources.