Question

каковы функции гипофиза и щитовидной железы? какие функции выполняет мозжечок? где находится центры речи у правшей?

Answer 1

Функции гипофиза:

-передняя доля влияет на рост и развитие, стимулирует деятельность других желез. Задняя доля усиливает работу гладкой мускулатуры сосудов, влияет на реабсорбцию воды в почке.

Функции щитовидной железы:

-влияние на обмен веществ, рост и развитие, возбудимость нервной системы, деятельность сердца, кровообращение.

Мозжечок-координация произвольных движений.

Центр моторной речи (центр Брока) задние отделы лобной доли, центр сенсорной речи (центр Вернике) височная доля. Центр мнестической речи теменная доля. Все это у правшей находится в левом полушарии головного мозга.

Answer 2

Functions of the Pituitary Gland and Thyroid Gland

The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are both important components of the endocrine system, which regulates various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones.

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the function of several other endocrine glands in the body. It is located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland consists of two main parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.

The functions of the pituitary gland include:

1. Hormone secretion: The pituitary gland produces and releases several hormones that regulate various bodily functions. For example, it secretes growth hormone (GH) to stimulate growth and development, prolactin (PRL) to stimulate milk production in females, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to regulate the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.

2. Regulation of other endocrine glands: The pituitary gland controls the function of other endocrine glands by secreting hormones that stimulate or inhibit their hormone production. For instance, it releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to regulate the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate the reproductive system.

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. It produces and releases thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism.

The functions of the thyroid gland include:

1. Regulation of metabolism: Thyroid hormones control the rate at which the body uses energy. They affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as well as the regulation of body temperature.

2. Growth and development: Thyroid hormones are essential for normal growth and development, particularly during infancy and childhood. They are crucial for the development of the brain and the skeletal system.

3. Regulation of other bodily functions: Thyroid hormones influence various bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, muscle control, and mood.

Functions of the Cerebellum

The cerebellum is a part of the brain located at the back of the skull, below the cerebrum. It is involved in the coordination and control of voluntary movements, balance, and posture. The cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to coordinate smooth and precise movements.

The functions of the cerebellum include:

1. Motor coordination: The cerebellum plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movements, including fine motor skills, such as writing or playing a musical instrument, and gross motor skills, such as walking or running.

2. Balance and posture: The cerebellum helps maintain balance and posture by integrating sensory information from the inner ear, muscles, and joints. It adjusts muscle tone and position to keep the body stable.

3. Motor learning: The cerebellum is involved in motor learning, which is the process of acquiring and refining motor skills through practice and repetition. It helps in adapting movements based on feedback and error correction.

Location of Speech Centers in Right-Handed Individuals

In right-handed individuals, the majority of language functions, including speech production and comprehension, are typically localized in the left hemisphere of the brain. The specific areas involved in language processing are known as the Broca's area and the Wernicke's area.

- Broca's area: Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, typically in the posterior part of the frontal gyrus. It is primarily responsible for speech production and the coordination of the muscles involved in speech.

- Wernicke's area: Wernicke's area is located in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere. It is involved in language comprehension and the processing of spoken and written language.

It's important to note that while these areas are typically localized in the left hemisphere in right-handed individuals, there can be variations in brain organization among individuals. Additionally, left-handed individuals may have a different distribution of language functions, with some having language centers in the right hemisphere or a more bilateral distribution.