Question

Комплекс гольджи ,объясните Что это,функции

Answer 1

Комплекс или аппарат Гольджи - это мембранная органела в эукариотических клетках. Выполняет самые различные функции, для школьного уровня достаточно этих:
1) Образование лизосом
2) Экскреция (выведение) секреторных продуктов
3) Синтез полисахаридов

Answer 2

The Golgi Apparatus: What is it?

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It was named after the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi, who first described its structure in the late 19th century. The Golgi apparatus is composed of a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. These cisternae are stacked on top of each other, forming a structure that resembles a stack of pancakes.

Functions of the Golgi Apparatus:

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the processing, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids within the cell. It performs several important functions, including:

1. Protein Modification and Sorting: - The Golgi apparatus receives proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and modifies them by adding or removing specific molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycosylation) or phosphate groups. - It also sorts these modified proteins and directs them to their appropriate destinations within the cell, such as the plasma membrane, lysosomes, or secretory vesicles.

2. Lipid Synthesis and Sorting: - The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of certain lipids, such as sphingolipids and glycolipids. - It also sorts and packages lipids into transport vesicles for delivery to various cellular compartments.

3. Formation of Lysosomes: - The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the formation of lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles involved in intracellular digestion. - It receives enzymes synthesized in the ER, modifies them, and packages them into vesicles called lysosomes.

4. Secretion of Proteins: - The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the secretion of proteins from the cell. - It packages proteins into vesicles called secretory vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell.

5. Recycling of Membrane Components: - The Golgi apparatus is involved in the recycling of membrane components. - It receives endocytic vesicles containing materials taken up by the cell through endocytosis, sorts the components, and sends them back to the plasma membrane or other cellular compartments.

Conclusion:

In summary, the Golgi apparatus is an essential organelle involved in the processing, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids within the cell. It performs functions such as protein modification and sorting, lipid synthesis and sorting, formation of lysosomes, secretion of proteins, and recycling of membrane components.