Question

какие процессы угрожающие жизни происходят в организме тонущего человека

Answer 1

Если человек тонет,то вода попадает в верхние дыхательные пути и выталкивает оттуда воздух. Поэтому происходит  спазм голосовых складок - закрывается путь в трахею, одновременно происходит и остановка дыхания. Такое захлебывание называется «сухим». Человек может захлебнуться и по-другому («истинное» или аспирационное захлебывание). Если пострадавший слишком долго находился в воде, и в дыхательные пути попало большое количество жидкости, то наступает кислородное голодание, в результате жизненно важный рефлекс остановки дыхания не действует, утопающий начинает «вдыхать» воду, которая и попадает в легкие. Без оказания первой помощи при утоплении пострадавший может погибнуть до приезда спасателей.

Answer 2

Processes Threatening the Life of a Drowning Person

When a person is drowning, several processes occur in the body that can threaten their life. Here are some of the key processes:

1. Inhalation of Water: When a person is submerged in water, they may inhale water into their lungs. This can lead to drowning and respiratory distress.

2. Hypoxia: As water enters the airways and fills the lungs, it prevents the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This can result in hypoxia, a condition where the body is deprived of oxygen. Hypoxia can lead to unconsciousness and eventually cardiac arrest.

3. Asphyxia: As the airway becomes blocked by water, the person may experience asphyxia, which is the inability to breathe properly. This can cause a lack of oxygen in the body and lead to loss of consciousness.

4. Panic Response: When a person is drowning, they may experience a panic response, which can further compromise their ability to breathe and stay afloat. Panic can lead to rapid breathing, hyperventilation, and exhaustion, making it even more difficult to stay above water.

5. Hypothermia: In cold water, a drowning person may also be at risk of hypothermia. Cold water can rapidly lower body temperature, leading to loss of muscle control and decreased ability to swim or stay afloat.

6. Cardiac Arrest: If the brain and other vital organs do not receive enough oxygen due to the inhalation of water and subsequent hypoxia, it can lead to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is the cessation of the heart's pumping action and can be fatal if not treated immediately.

It is important to note that these processes can occur rapidly, and immediate action is necessary to rescue a drowning person. Prompt CPR and medical attention are crucial in increasing the chances of survival.

Please remember that this information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. If you or someone you know is in a life-threatening situation, please call emergency services immediately.