Question

Что такое ферменты? Каково их значения?

Answer 1

смотря какие ферменты, к примеру белки-ферменты ускоряют химический процесс, т.е. выполняет фун-ю катализатора

Answer 2

это белковые молекулы.они присутсвуют во всех жывых клетках

Answer 3

What are enzymes and what is their significance?

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts in various chemical reactions within living organisms. They are typically proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are highly specific, meaning that each enzyme catalyzes a particular reaction or a group of closely related reactions.

The significance of enzymes in biological systems is immense. Here are some key points:

1. Facilitating Chemical Reactions: Enzymes play a crucial role in facilitating chemical reactions in the body. They help break down complex molecules into simpler forms, synthesize new molecules, and convert one molecule into another.

2. Regulation of Metabolism: Enzymes regulate metabolic pathways by controlling the rate of specific reactions. They ensure that metabolic processes occur at the appropriate speed and in the right order, maintaining the overall balance and efficiency of cellular metabolism.

3. Digestion and Nutrient Absorption: Enzymes are involved in the digestion of food. For example, amylase breaks down carbohydrates, lipase breaks down fats, and proteases break down proteins. These enzymes help convert food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

4. DNA Replication and Repair: Enzymes called DNA polymerases are responsible for replicating DNA during cell division. Other enzymes, such as DNA repair enzymes, help maintain the integrity of the genetic material by fixing any errors or damage in the DNA sequence.

5. Detoxification: Enzymes in the liver, such as cytochrome P450 enzymes, help detoxify harmful substances by converting them into less toxic forms that can be eliminated from the body.

6. Defense Mechanisms: Enzymes are involved in the body's defense mechanisms. For example, enzymes called proteases help break down foreign proteins, such as those found in bacteria or viruses, as part of the immune response.

7. Industrial Applications: Enzymes have numerous industrial applications, including food processing, brewing, detergent production, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. They are used to catalyze specific reactions in a controlled and efficient manner.

Overall, enzymes are essential for the proper functioning of biological systems. They enable the efficient utilization of nutrients, maintenance of cellular processes, and the overall survival of living organisms.