Question

Строение и функции лизосомы

Answer 1

Одномембранный органоид эукариотической клетки, внутри которого находятся пищеварительные ферменты. Название говорит само за себя. Лизос - растворять, переваривать.

Answer 2

Structure and Functions of Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells. They are known as the "garbage disposal" or "stomach" of the cell due to their role in digestion and waste removal. Here's a detailed overview of the structure and functions of lysosomes:

Structure: Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down various biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The pH inside a lysosome is acidic, which is essential for the optimal activity of these hydrolytic enzymes.

Functions: 1. Digestion and Waste Removal: Lysosomes play a crucial role in intracellular digestion. They break down macromolecules and cellular debris, including old organelles, into smaller components that can be recycled or excreted from the cell.

2. Autophagy: Lysosomes are involved in a process called autophagy, where they degrade and recycle damaged or dysfunctional cellular components. This helps maintain cellular homeostasis and prevents the accumulation of harmful materials within the cell.

3. Cellular Defense: Lysosomes also participate in the immune response by digesting foreign materials, such as bacteria and viruses, that have been engulfed by the cell through a process called phagocytosis. This helps protect the cell from pathogens.

4. Cell Signaling: Lysosomes are involved in cell signaling pathways and nutrient sensing. They can release signaling molecules and regulate cellular processes such as growth, repair, and energy metabolism.

In summary, lysosomes are essential organelles with diverse functions, including intracellular digestion, waste removal, cellular defense, and cell signaling.

Would you like to explore any specific aspect of lysosomes in more detail?