Question

Что происходит при различных этапах деления клетки? Как называется каждый этап?

Answer 1

если не ошибаюсь профаза метофаза анафаза телофаза

Answer 2

The Cell Division Process and its Stages

Cell division is a fundamental process in which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process is crucial for growth, development, and the maintenance of multicellular organisms. The cell division process consists of several stages, each with its own unique characteristics and functions. Let's explore the different stages of cell division and what happens during each stage.

Interphase

Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle and is divided into three subphases: G1, S, and G2. During interphase, the cell grows, carries out its normal functions, and replicates its DNA in preparation for cell division.

1. G1 Phase: During the G1 phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication. This phase is also known as the first gap phase.

2. S Phase: The S phase is the synthesis phase, during which the cell replicates its DNA. Each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two identical copies called sister chromatids. This phase ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.

3. G2 Phase: The G2 phase is the second gap phase, during which the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis or cell division. The cell synthesizes proteins and organelles necessary for the upcoming division.

Mitosis

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that ensures each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. It is divided into four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

1. Prophase: During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane starts to disintegrate. The centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell, and spindle fibers begin to form.

2. Metaphase: In metaphase, the chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell, known as the metaphase plate. The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, ensuring proper alignment.

3. Anaphase: Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids. The spindle fibers contract, pulling the sister chromatids apart and moving them towards opposite poles of the cell.

4. Telophase: During telophase, the separated chromatids reach the opposite poles of the cell. The nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense. Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, also begins during telophase.

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, during which the cytoplasm divides, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. In animal cells, a contractile ring composed of actin and myosin filaments forms at the equator of the cell, constricting and eventually pinching the cell into two. In plant cells, a cell plate forms at the equator, which eventually develops into a new cell wall, dividing the cytoplasm.

Conclusion

In summary, the cell division process consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division. Mitosis involves the division of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei, while cytokinesis completes the process by dividing the cytoplasm and forming two daughter cells.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and general knowledge about cell division. For more detailed and specific information, it is recommended to consult scientific literature or textbooks on cell biology.