Question

Энергетический двумембранный органоид клетки

Answer 1

Митохондрия -----------------------

Answer 2

Energy-Membrane Organelle of a Cell

The energy-membrane organelle of a cell is a complex structure responsible for generating and storing energy. It plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The primary energy-membrane organelle in cells is the mitochondrion.

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that provides energy for cellular activities. Mitochondria have their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell.

The structure of mitochondria consists of an outer membrane and an inner membrane, which are separated by an intermembrane space. The inner membrane is highly folded into structures called cristae, which increase the surface area available for energy production. The space inside the inner membrane is called the matrix and contains enzymes involved in various metabolic reactions.

Mitochondria generate energy through a process called cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to produce ATP. This process occurs in several stages, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, plays a crucial role in ATP synthesis.

In addition to energy production, mitochondria are involved in other cellular functions, such as calcium regulation, cell signaling, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). They also play a role in the synthesis of certain molecules, including heme and steroid hormones.

Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to various diseases and disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Research on mitochondria and their functions is ongoing, as scientists continue to uncover their intricate roles in cellular processes.