Question

Как клавдий гален представлял себе строение кровеносной системы

Answer 1

Римский врач Гален (II в. н. э. ) создал новое, революционное для своего времени учение, которое на длительное время изменило представление людей о работе сердца и сосудов. К сожалению, в трудах Галена было много неточностей, оказались и грубые ошибки. Таково, например, его описание пути крови в теле.
Центром кровеносной системы Гален считал не сердце, а печень: образующаяся в печени кровь разносится по телу, питает его и целиком им поглощается, не возвращаясь обратно; в печени же образуется следующая партия крови для поглощения телом. Эта схема была общепризнанной вплоть до XVII в. , когда её ошибочность доказал Гарвей. Таким образом, не зная кровообращения, Гален представлял себе своеобразную систему кровоснабжения организма. Считая назначением левого сердца притягивание из легких пневмы вместе с воздухом, он рассматривал растяжение — диастолу, как активное движение сердца, систолу же — как пассивное спадение сердца, то есть понимал эти процессы совершенно превратно. Неудивительно, что Гален не мог объяснить происходящие в организме процессы и приписывал их нематериальным силам, которые изначально присущи человеку.

Answer 2

Claudius Galen's Understanding of the Circulatory System

Claudius Galen, a prominent Greek physician and anatomist who lived during the 2nd century AD, had a significant impact on the understanding of the circulatory system. Galen's work was heavily influenced by the teachings of Hippocrates and Aristotle, as well as his own observations and dissections of animals.

Galen believed that the circulatory system consisted of two separate systems: the arterial system and the venous system. He proposed that the arteries carried vital spirits, or pneuma, from the heart to the rest of the body, while the veins carried blood from the liver to the heart. Galen also recognized the presence of valves in the veins, which he believed helped to regulate the flow of blood.

Galen's understanding of the circulatory system was based on his observations of animal dissections, as well as his own experiments. He conducted experiments in which he tied off blood vessels to observe the effects on blood flow, and he also studied the pulsations of arteries to gain insight into their function.

It is important to note that Galen's understanding of the circulatory system was not entirely accurate. He believed that blood was produced in the liver and then distributed throughout the body, and he also believed that the blood vessels contained air. However, despite these inaccuracies, Galen's work laid the foundation for further advancements in the understanding of the circulatory system.

In summary, Claudius Galen believed that the circulatory system consisted of two separate systems: the arterial system and the venous system. He proposed that the arteries carried vital spirits from the heart to the rest of the body, while the veins carried blood from the liver to the heart. Galen's understanding of the circulatory system was based on his observations of animal dissections and his own experiments. Although his understanding was not entirely accurate, his work paved the way for further advancements in the field.