
Строение эндоплазтической сети


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Structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. The ER is divided into two main types: the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): The RER is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its surface, giving it a "rough" appearance under a microscope. These ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. The RER is involved in the production of proteins that are either secreted from the cell or inserted into the cell membrane.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): The SER lacks ribosomes on its surface and appears "smooth" under a microscope. It is involved in lipid metabolism, including the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions.
Membrane Structure: The ER has a complex membrane structure that consists of a network of tubules and flattened sacs called cisternae. These structures provide a large surface area for various cellular processes, such as protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Functions: The ER plays a crucial role in several cellular functions, including protein synthesis, folding, and transport, lipid metabolism, and detoxification. It also serves as a calcium ion storage site and is involved in the synthesis of phospholipids and steroids.
Interactions with Other Organelles: The ER interacts with other organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and the nucleus, to coordinate various cellular processes and maintain cellular homeostasis.


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