Question

Что такое нейрогормоны?

Answer 1

Нейрогормоны – это особые вещества, выделяемые синапсами, находящимися в нейронах отдела промежуточного мозга – гипоталамусе. Гипоталамус является высшим вегетативным центром и играет ключевую роль в поддержании гомеостаза.

Answer 2

What are neurohormones?

Neurohormones are a type of hormone that is produced and released by specialized nerve cells, known as neurosecretory cells, in the brain. These hormones are then transported through the bloodstream to target cells or organs in the body, where they exert their effects. Neurohormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes and behaviors, including growth, reproduction, metabolism, and stress response.

Neurohormones are distinct from other types of hormones because they are produced by neurons rather than by specialized endocrine glands. They are synthesized within the nerve cells and then stored in secretory vesicles until they are released into the bloodstream. Once released, neurohormones can act on target cells located far away from their site of production, allowing for long-distance communication within the body.

Neurohormones can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects on target cells, depending on the specific hormone and its receptor. They can bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells or enter the cells and bind to receptors inside the cell. This binding initiates a cascade of biochemical reactions that ultimately lead to changes in the target cell's function.

Some examples of neurohormones include oxytocin, vasopressin, and prolactin. Oxytocin is involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation, while vasopressin regulates water balance and blood pressure. Prolactin is primarily known for its role in milk production.

Neurohormones are an essential component of the complex communication network within the body, allowing for the coordination and regulation of various physiological processes. Their intricate actions and interactions contribute to the overall homeostasis and well-being of an organism.

In summary, neurohormones are hormones produced by specialized nerve cells in the brain. They are released into the bloodstream and act on target cells or organs to regulate various physiological processes. Neurohormones play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating bodily functions.