Question

Перечислите функции дендрита и аксона

Answer 1

Дендрит (от греч. δένδρον (dendron) — дерево) — разветвлённый отросток нейрона, который получает информацию через химические (или электрические) синапсы от аксонов (илидендритов и сомы) других нейронов и передаёт её через электрический сигнал телу нейрона (перикариону), из которого вырастает.

Answer 2

Functions of Dendrites and Axons

Dendrites: Dendrites are the branched projections of a neuron that act to receive electrical signals from other neurons. They have several key functions: 1. Receiving Signals: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit these signals to the cell body for processing. 2. Integration of Information: They integrate the received signals and play a crucial role in determining whether the neuron will generate its own electrical signal, known as an action potential. 3. Signal Transmission: Dendrites transmit the integrated signals to the cell body, where further processing occurs.

Axons: Axons are long, slender projections of a neuron that conduct electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. They also serve several important functions: 1. Conducting Electrical Signals: Axons conduct electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. 2. Transmission of Action Potentials: They transmit action potentials, which are the electrical signals generated by the neuron, to the synapses for communication with other neurons. 3. Myelination and Insulation: In some cases, axons are myelinated, which helps to speed up the transmission of electrical signals along the axon.

In summary, dendrites primarily receive and integrate signals, while axons conduct and transmit electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body.

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