Question

ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА надо описать, что такое микроэволюции и примеры

Answer 1

Микроэволюция-небольшие приспособленческие изменения организмов происходящие постоянно и увеличивающие кол-во видов

Answer 2

What is Microevolution?

Microevolution refers to small-scale evolutionary changes that occur within a population over a relatively short period of time. It involves changes in the frequency of genetic traits or alleles within a population from one generation to the next. These changes can be influenced by various factors, such as natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation.

Microevolutionary processes can lead to the development of new variations or adaptations within a population, which can ultimately contribute to the formation of new species over longer periods of time through macroevolution.

Examples of Microevolution:

1. Industrial Melanism in Peppered Moths: One classic example of microevolution is the case of industrial melanism in peppered moths (Biston betularia). Prior to the industrial revolution, the majority of peppered moths had light-colored wings, which provided camouflage against light-colored tree bark. However, with the increase in industrial pollution and the subsequent darkening of tree trunks, a variant with dark-colored wings became more advantageous as it provided better camouflage against the polluted environment. As a result, the frequency of the dark-winged variant increased significantly in industrial areas, demonstrating microevolutionary changes in response to environmental pressures.

2. Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria: Another example of microevolution is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, those with genetic variations that confer resistance to the antibiotic have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. Over time, the frequency of these resistant alleles can increase within the bacterial population, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This is a clear example of microevolution driven by natural selection and the selective pressure imposed by the use of antibiotics.

3. Beak Size Variation in Galapagos Finches: The Galapagos finches, studied by Charles Darwin, provide an example of microevolution through variation in beak size. The finches inhabit different islands in the Galapagos archipelago, each with different food sources. The variation in beak size among the finches is associated with their ability to efficiently feed on different types of food. Over time, changes in the availability of food sources and competition for resources have led to variations in beak size within the finch populations, demonstrating microevolutionary changes in response to ecological factors.

These examples illustrate how microevolutionary processes can lead to changes in the genetic makeup of populations over time, allowing them to adapt to their changing environments.