Question

какие структуры принимают участие в образовании клеточной стенки?

Answer 1

Внутренняя организация клетки и ее цитоскелет играют важную роль в формировании клеточной стенки. Компоненты матрикса клеточной стенки вырабатываются и экспортируются аппаратом Гольджи, а целлюлозные микрофибриллы синтезируются на поверхности клетки. 

Кальций прочно связывается в тканях органическими веществами, участвует в формировании клеточных стенок, осаждает щавелевую кислоту, препятствует накоплению крахмала в листьях. 

К а л ь ц и и прочно связывается в тканях органическими веществами, участвует в формировании клеточных стенок, осаждает щавелевую кислоту, препятствует накоплению крахмала в листьях.

Answer 2

Structures Involved in the Formation of the Cell Wall

The formation of the cell wall involves several structures and processes. These include:

1. Cellulose: - Cellulose is a major component of the cell wall in plants. - It is synthesized by enzyme complexes at the plasma membrane and extruded to form microfibrils, which provide structural support to the cell wall.

2. Pectin: - Pectin is a complex polysaccharide that contributes to the formation of the middle lamella, which cements adjacent plant cells together. - It also plays a role in cell adhesion and signaling.

3. Hemicellulose: - Hemicellulose is another component of the plant cell wall, contributing to its strength and flexibility. - It interacts with cellulose and pectin to form a complex network that provides structural integrity.

4. Proteins: - Various proteins are involved in the synthesis and modification of the cell wall components. - These proteins play roles in cell wall expansion, signaling, and defense responses.

5. Enzymes: - Enzymes are crucial for the synthesis and modification of cell wall components. - They are involved in processes such as cellulose synthesis, pectin modification, and cross-linking of wall components.

6. Plasma Membrane: - The plasma membrane is the site of synthesis for many cell wall components. - It plays a role in transporting newly synthesized materials to the cell wall.

7. Golgi Apparatus: - The Golgi apparatus is involved in the processing and secretion of cell wall components. - It modifies and packages materials before they are transported to the cell wall.

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum: - The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of membrane and cell wall components. - It provides a site for the synthesis of lipids and proteins that are important for cell wall structure.

These structures and processes work together to form the complex and dynamic structure of the cell wall, providing support, protection, and regulation for plant cells.