Question

Основу нервной системы составляют нервные клетки-...

Answer 1

Основу нервной системы состовляют нервные клетки - нервная ткань - ткань эктодермального происхождения.

Answer 2

The Nervous System and Nerve Cells

The nervous system is a complex network of cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It plays a crucial role in coordinating and controlling bodily functions, as well as processing and responding to external stimuli.

At the core of the nervous system are specialized cells called nerve cells or neurons. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and are responsible for transmitting electrical signals, known as nerve impulses, throughout the body. They are highly specialized cells that have unique structures and functions that enable them to carry out their role in the nervous system.

Neuron Structure: Neurons consist of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axons. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the neuron's functioning. Dendrites are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. Axons are long, slender extensions that transmit signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Types of Neurons: There are three main types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory organs, such as the eyes or skin, to the central nervous system. Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands, enabling movement or secretion. Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system, allowing for the integration and processing of information.

Nerve Impulses: Nerve impulses are electrical signals that travel along the length of a neuron. They are generated by changes in the electrical potential across the neuron's cell membrane. When a neuron is at rest, it has a negative charge inside compared to the outside. However, when a stimulus is received, the electrical potential changes, resulting in the generation of an action potential. This action potential travels along the neuron's axon, allowing for the transmission of signals.

Synapses: Neurons communicate with each other through specialized junctions called synapses. At the synapse, the axon terminal of one neuron releases chemical messengers called neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, which is the small gap between the neurons. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites or cell body of the receiving neuron, transmitting the signal from one neuron to another.

Role of the Nervous System: The nervous system is responsible for a wide range of functions, including sensory perception, motor control, coordination, memory, and cognition. It is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all the nerves that extend from the CNS to the rest of the body.

In summary, the nervous system is composed of nerve cells called neurons, which transmit electrical signals throughout the body. Neurons have specialized structures and functions that enable them to carry out their role in the nervous system. The nervous system plays a crucial role in coordinating and controlling bodily functions, as well as processing and responding to external stimuli.