Question

Какие типы плостид находится в растительной клетке и какова их роль

Answer 1

Бесцветные пластиды называют лейкопластами , различно окрашенные (желтого, оранжевого или красного цвета) - хромопластами , зеленые - хлоропластами.В клетке высших растений содержится около 40 хлоропластов в которых происходит фотосинтез. Они, как уже было сказано, способны к автономному размножению, не зависящему от деления клетки. Размеры и форма митохондрий и хлоропластов, наличие в их матриксе кольцевых двухцепочных ДНК и собственных рибосом делают эти органеллы похожими на бактериальные клетки.

Answer 2

Types of Plastids in Plant Cells and Their Roles

Plastids are a diverse group of organelles found in plant cells. They are responsible for various essential functions, including photosynthesis, storage of pigments, and synthesis of lipids and starch. Here are the main types of plastids found in plant cells and their roles:

1. Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are the most well-known type of plastids and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy and uses it to produce glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts are found in the cells of green plant tissues, such as leaves and stems.

2. Chromoplasts: Chromoplasts are plastids that are responsible for the synthesis and storage of pigments other than chlorophyll. They give fruits and flowers their vibrant colors, such as the red of tomatoes or the orange of carrots. Chromoplasts contain pigments like carotenoids, which are important for attracting pollinators and seed dispersers.

3. Amyloplasts: Amyloplasts, also known as starch grains, are plastids that store starch, a complex carbohydrate. They are commonly found in storage organs such as roots, tubers, and seeds. Amyloplasts play a crucial role in storing energy reserves for the plant and are responsible for the production and storage of starch granules.

4. Leucoplasts: Leucoplasts are a group of plastids that do not contain pigments. They are involved in various metabolic processes, including the synthesis and storage of lipids, proteins, and other macromolecules. Leucoplasts are found in non-photosynthetic tissues, such as roots, flowers, and seeds. They can differentiate into specialized forms, such as amyloplasts and proteinoplasts, depending on the specific needs of the cell.

It's important to note that plastids can interconvert between different types depending on the developmental stage and environmental conditions of the plant. For example, chloroplasts can transform into chromoplasts during fruit ripening, leading to changes in color.

In conclusion, plastids are essential organelles in plant cells, and their different types play crucial roles in processes such as photosynthesis, pigment synthesis, starch storage, and lipid and protein synthesis. The diversity of plastids allows plants to adapt to various environmental conditions and perform a wide range of functions necessary for their growth and survival.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions.