Question

Кто заложил основу научной классификации живых организмов ? какие принципы положены ученым в ее основу?

Answer 1

Основу классификации заложил К. Линней. Принципом является бинарная номенклатура: род и вид. Его ошибка в том, что он учитывал всего несколько признаков (фенотипических).

Answer 2

The foundation of scientific classification of living organisms

The foundation of the scientific classification of living organisms can be attributed to the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus. Linnaeus is widely regarded as the father of modern taxonomy and is known for his work in developing a hierarchical system for classifying and naming organisms.

Principles of scientific classification

Linnaeus laid down several principles in the development of his classification system. These principles include:

1. Binomial nomenclature: Linnaeus introduced the use of a two-part Latin name for each species, known as binomial nomenclature. This system assigns a unique scientific name to each species, consisting of a genus name and a specific epithet. For example, humans are classified as Homo sapiens, where Homo is the genus and sapiens is the specific epithet.

2. Hierarchical classification: Linnaeus organized organisms into a hierarchical system of classification. This system includes several levels, from broad to specific, including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Each level represents a different level of relatedness among organisms.

3. Use of morphological characteristics: Linnaeus primarily relied on the morphological characteristics of organisms to classify them. He focused on observable physical traits such as the structure of flowers, leaves, and other features.

4. Natural classification: Linnaeus aimed to create a natural classification system that reflected the true relationships among organisms. He grouped organisms based on their shared characteristics and attempted to capture their evolutionary relationships.

5. Standardized terminology: Linnaeus introduced standardized terminology for describing and naming organisms. This helped to ensure consistency and clarity in the naming and classification of species.

It is important to note that Linnaeus's classification system has evolved over time, and modern taxonomy incorporates additional principles and methods, such as molecular data and genetic analysis, to refine and update the classification of organisms.