Question

Экология определение. Экологический фактор. Ограничивающий фактор

Answer 1

Экология- наука изучающая взаимодействие живых организмов и их сообществ.
Экологические факторы - это факторы которые воздействуют (на прямую или косвенно) на организм и вызывают у него ответную реакцию.
ограничивающий фактор - Ограничивающие факторы — экологические факторы, при выходе которых за границы максимума или минимума организму или популяции грозит гибель

Answer 2

Definition of Ecology

Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It focuses on understanding how living organisms interact with each other and with their physical surroundings. Ecology encompasses the study of various levels of biological organization, from individual organisms to populations, communities, ecosystems, and even the biosphere as a whole.

Ecological Factors

Ecological factors are the various components of an ecosystem that influence the distribution, abundance, and behavior of organisms. These factors can be classified into two main categories: biotic factors and abiotic factors.

Biotic factors refer to the living components of an ecosystem, including all organisms and their interactions. This includes factors such as predation, competition, symbiosis, and the availability of food and resources. Biotic factors play a crucial role in shaping the structure and dynamics of ecological communities.

Abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem. These include physical and chemical factors such as temperature, light, water availability, soil composition, and nutrient levels. Abiotic factors can have a significant impact on the survival and growth of organisms, as they determine the suitability of an environment for different species.

Limiting Factors

A limiting factor is an ecological factor that restricts the growth, distribution, or abundance of a population within an ecosystem. It is a factor that is in short supply relative to the needs of the organisms. Limiting factors can be either biotic or abiotic.

Biotic limiting factors include factors such as competition for resources, predation, disease, and the availability of mates. For example, if there is limited food available in an ecosystem, competition among individuals for that food can limit population growth.

Abiotic limiting factors include factors such as temperature, water availability, light, and nutrient levels. These factors can directly or indirectly limit the survival and reproduction of organisms. For instance, if an organism requires a specific temperature range to survive, temperatures outside of that range can limit its distribution.

It is important to note that different organisms have different tolerance ranges for various ecological factors. What may be a limiting factor for one species may not be a limiting factor for another. Additionally, the interaction between multiple limiting factors can further influence the growth and distribution of populations.

Overall, understanding ecological factors and their limitations is crucial for studying and managing ecosystems, as it helps us comprehend the complex interactions between organisms and their environment.