Question

У человека имеются четыре фенотипа по группам крови: I(0), II(А), III(В), IV(АВ). Ген, определяющий группу крови, имеет три аллеля: IA, IB, i0, причем аллель i0 является рецессивной по отношению к аллелям IA и IB. Родители имеют II (гетерозигота) и III (гомозигота) группы крови. Определите генотипы групп крови родителей. Укажите возможные генотипы и фенотипы (номер) группы крови детей. Составьте схему решения задачи. Определите вероятность наследования у детей II группы крови. Родители имеют I и IV группы крови. Определите генотипы групп крови родителей. Укажите возможные генотипы и фенотипы (номер) группы крови детей. Составьте схему решения задачи. Определите вероятность наследования у детей I группы крови. Родители имеют I и III (гетерозигота) группы крови. Определите генотипы групп крови родителей. Укажите возможные генотипы и фенотипы (номер) группы крови детей. Составьте схему решения задачи.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Phenotypes and Alleles for Blood Types

In this problem, we are given four phenotypes for blood types: I(0), II(A), III(B), and IV(AB). The gene that determines blood type has three alleles: IA, IB, and i0. The i0 allele is recessive to the IA and IB alleles [[1]].

Parents' Blood Types

The parents have blood types II (heterozygous) and III (homozygous). Let's determine their genotypes.

Since the parents have blood type II (A), they must have at least one IA allele. Since they have blood type III (B), they must have at least one IB allele. Therefore, the possible genotypes for the parents are IAIB and IAiB [[1]].

Children's Blood Types

Let's determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the children's blood types.

1. The possible genotypes for the children are IAIA, IAIB, IAiA, IAiB, IBIB, IBiB, IAi0, and IBi0 [[1]]. - The corresponding phenotypes for these genotypes are II (A), IV (AB), II (A), IV (AB), III (B), IV (AB), II (A), and III (B), respectively.

Probability of Inheriting Blood Type II

We are asked to determine the probability of inheriting blood type II (A) for the children.

Since the parents have the genotypes IAIB and IAiB, the possible genotypes for the children that result in blood type II (A) are IAIA and IAiA. Therefore, the probability of inheriting blood type II (A) is 2 out of 8, or 1/4 [[1]].

Parents' Blood Types (Scenario 2)

In this scenario, the parents have blood types I and IV. Let's determine their genotypes.

Since the parents have blood type I, they must have the ii genotype. Since they have blood type IV (AB), they must have both the IA and IB alleles. Therefore, the possible genotypes for the parents are IAi0 and IBi0 [[1]].

Children's Blood Types (Scenario 2)

Let's determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the children's blood types.

1. The possible genotypes for the children are IAIA, IAIB, IAi0, IBIB, IBi0, and i0i0 [[1]]. - The corresponding phenotypes for these genotypes are II (A), IV (AB), II (A), III (B), III (B), and I (0), respectively.

Probability of Inheriting Blood Type I

We are asked to determine the probability of inheriting blood type I (0) for the children.

Since the parents have the genotypes IAi0 and IBi0, the possible genotypes for the children that result in blood type I (0) are IAi0 and i0i0. Therefore, the probability of inheriting blood type I (0) is 2 out of 6, or 1/3 [[1]].

Parents' Blood Types (Scenario 3)

In this scenario, the parents have blood types I and III (heterozygous). Let's determine their genotypes.

Since the parents have blood type I, they must have the ii genotype. Since they have blood type III (B), they must have at least one IB allele. Therefore, the possible genotypes for the parents are IBi0 and IBiB [[1]].

Children's Blood Types (Scenario 3)

Let's determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the children's blood types.

1. The possible genotypes for the children are IAi0, IAiB, IBi0, and IBiB [[1]]. - The corresponding phenotypes for these genotypes are II (A), III (B), III (B), and IV (AB), respectively.

Probability of Inheriting Blood Type I

We are asked to determine the probability of inheriting blood type I (0) for the children.

Since the parents have the genotypes IBi0 and IBiB, the possible genotype for the children that results in blood type I (0) is IAi0. Therefore, the probability of inheriting blood type I (0) is 1 out of 4, or 1/4 [[1]].

Conclusion

In summary, the genotypes and phenotypes for the parents and children's blood types are as follows:

Scenario 1: - Parents: IAIB and IAiB - Children: IAIA, IAIB, IAiA, IAiB, IBIB, IBiB, IAi0, and IBi0

Scenario 2: - Parents: IAi0 and IBi0 - Children: IAIA, IAIB, IAi0, IBIB, IBi0, and i0i0

Scenario 3: - Parents: IBi0 and IBiB - Children: IAi0, IAiB, IBi0, and IBiB

The probabilities of inheriting blood type II (A) in Scenario 1, blood type I (0) in Scenario 2, and blood type I (0) in Scenario 3 are 1/4, 1/3, and 1/4, respectively.

Please note that this response is based on the information provided and assumes Mendelian inheritance patterns for blood types.