Question

Замените выделенные слова в каждом утверждении одним термином: Превращение диких животных в домашних путем приручения,содержания и разведения обусловило развитие животноводства как отрасли сельского хозяйства.Близкородственное скрещивание особей, имеющих общих предков,широко используется в гибридизации животных.

Answer 1

1) Одомашнивание
2) Инбридинг

Answer 2

Domestication of Wild Animals and the Development of Animal Husbandry

The process of transforming wild animals into domesticated ones through taming, keeping, and breeding has led to the development of animal husbandry as a branch of agriculture. Animal husbandry involves the care, breeding, and utilization of domesticated animals for various purposes, such as food production, labor, and companionship.

Domestication refers to the process by which wild animals are tamed and adapted to live in close association with humans. This process involves selective breeding over generations to produce animals that are more docile, have desirable traits, and are better suited for human needs. Domestication has been a crucial step in the development of agriculture and has played a significant role in human civilization.

Animal husbandry is the practice of rearing and breeding domesticated animals for various purposes. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including feeding, breeding, housing, and healthcare of animals. Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years and has evolved alongside human societies, contributing to the development of sustainable food systems and the utilization of animal resources.

The domestication of animals has had a profound impact on human societies, providing a stable and reliable source of food, labor, and materials. It has allowed humans to transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled agricultural communities. Through selective breeding, humans have been able to modify the genetic makeup of domesticated animals, resulting in different breeds and varieties that are specialized for specific purposes.

Hybridization and Crossbreeding in Animal Husbandry

Hybridization is a breeding technique that involves crossing individuals from different species, subspecies, or varieties to produce offspring with desirable traits. In animal husbandry, hybridization is commonly used to improve the characteristics of domesticated animals, such as increased productivity, disease resistance, or specific physical attributes.

Close inbreeding or close-kin mating is a form of hybridization that involves mating individuals that share common ancestors. This technique is used to concentrate desirable traits or to fix certain genetic characteristics in a population. Close inbreeding can be beneficial when carefully managed, but it can also increase the risk of genetic disorders and reduce overall genetic diversity.

Crossbreeding and hybridization have been widely used in animal husbandry to create new breeds or improve existing ones. By combining the genetic traits of different breeds, breeders can produce offspring with a combination of desirable characteristics. This can lead to increased productivity, adaptability, and overall performance of the animals.

It is important to note that while hybridization and crossbreeding are common practices in animal husbandry, they should be carried out responsibly and with consideration for the welfare and genetic health of the animals involved.