Question

В митохондриях в отличие от хлоропластов не происходит синтез молекул ? АТФ ,глюкозы , и РНК, белка.

Answer 1

В митохондриях не происходит синтез белка

Answer 2

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both organelles found in eukaryotic cells, but they have different functions and characteristics. While mitochondria are involved in energy production, chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Mitochondria and ATP Synthesis

Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate most of the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is a molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes. The synthesis of ATP occurs in the mitochondria through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, which involves the electron transport chain and the production of ATP from the breakdown of glucose or other energy sources.

Mitochondria and Glucose Metabolism

Glucose is a primary source of energy for cells, and it undergoes a series of metabolic reactions to produce ATP. In the mitochondria, glucose is broken down through a process called cellular respiration, which involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. These processes occur in the mitochondria and result in the production of ATP.

Mitochondria and RNA

Mitochondria have their own genetic material in the form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This DNA encodes for some of the proteins involved in ATP synthesis and other mitochondrial functions. However, the synthesis of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily occurs in the nucleus of the cell. The synthesized RNA molecules are then transported to the mitochondria for protein synthesis.

Mitochondria and Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis, including the synthesis of proteins involved in ATP production, occurs in the mitochondria. However, the majority of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells takes place in the cytoplasm, with the help of ribosomes. The proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are then transported to the mitochondria, where they are used for various functions, including ATP synthesis.

In summary, while mitochondria are involved in the synthesis of ATP and play a crucial role in glucose metabolism and protein synthesis, the synthesis of molecules such as ATP, glucose, RNA, and proteins primarily occurs in other cellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm and nucleus