Question

Ген,его строение,виды генов,свойства

Answer 1

Свойства гена  дискретность — несмешиваемость генов; стабильность — способность сохранять структуру; лабильность — способность многократно мутировать; множественный аллелизм — многие гены существуют в популяции во множестве молекулярных форм; аллельность — в генотипе диплоидных организмов только две формы гена; специфичность — каждый ген кодирует свой признак; плейотропия — множественный эффект гена; экспрессивность — степень выраженности гена в признаке; пенетрантность — частота проявления гена в фенотипе; амплификация — увеличение количества копий гена.

Answer 2

Genes: Structure, Types, and Properties

Genes are the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. They are made up of DNA and act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. Genes determine many of our traits, such as eye color and blood type.

Structure: Genes are composed of DNA, which is a long molecule made up of four types of nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These nucleotides form the genetic code that carries the instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.

Types of Genes: There are different types of genes, including: 1. Structural Genes: These genes provide the information needed to build the proteins that perform various functions in the body. 2. Regulatory Genes: These genes control the expression of other genes, determining when and where they are active. 3. Pseudogenes: These are gene sequences that resemble functional genes but have become inactive during evolution.

Properties: Genes possess several properties, including: - Variability: Genes can exist in different forms, known as alleles, which contribute to genetic diversity. - Inheritance: Genes are passed from parents to offspring and are the fundamental units of heredity.

Understanding the structure, types, and properties of genes is crucial in comprehending the mechanisms of inheritance and the role of genes in determining various traits and biological functions.