Question

Какие функции при глотании выполняют язык, надгортанник и небный язычок?

Answer 1

Понятно, что именно язык проталкивает пищу к глотке. Когда мышцы языка сокращаются, происходит глотательный рефлекс, т.е. человек проглатывает пищу. Но перед тем как пища поступит в пищевод, а затем в желудок можно рассмотреть работу надгортанника и небного язычка при глотании. Надгортанник обычно закрывает вход в гортань, при глотании небный язычок приподнимается и перекрывает путь пищи в носовую полость. И только после этого смоченный слюной комок пищи из ротовой полости и глотки поступает в пищевод, а затем в желудок.

Answer 2

Functions of the Tongue, Epiglottis, and Uvula During Swallowing

When swallowing, the tongue, epiglottis, and uvula perform various functions to ensure the process occurs smoothly and effectively.

Tongue: The tongue plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing. It helps in moving food to the back of the mouth and initiating the swallowing reflex. The tongue also helps in pushing the food or liquid toward the throat and into the esophagus. Additionally, the tongue aids in the formation of the bolus, a cohesive mass of food ready to be swallowed.

Epiglottis: The epiglottis is a flap of elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue. During swallowing, the epiglottis folds back to cover the entrance to the larynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the airway. This action ensures that the food or liquid is directed to the esophagus, allowing for safe passage to the stomach.

Uvula: The uvula, a small, fleshy, conic projection at the back of the soft palate, also plays a role in swallowing. It helps to prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing. The uvula, along with the soft palate, closes off the nasal passages, directing the food or liquid toward the throat and esophagus.

In summary, the tongue assists in moving food, initiating the swallowing reflex, and forming the bolus, while the epiglottis prevents food and liquid from entering the airway, and the uvula helps to close off the nasal passages during swallowing.

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