Question

Сравните методы селекций растений и животных.

Answer 1

например селекция животных отличается тем что,там берут особь с каким то призноком(красная окраскаа) растения с такими произноком(больше урожая)

Answer 2

Comparison of Plant and Animal Breeding Methods

When comparing the methods of plant and animal breeding, there are several key differences to consider. Here is a detailed comparison of the two:

1. Goals and Objectives: - Plant Breeding: The primary goal of plant breeding is to develop new plant varieties with desirable traits such as increased yield, disease resistance, improved quality, and adaptability to different environmental conditions. - Animal Breeding: Animal breeding aims to improve the genetic makeup of animals for specific traits such as increased productivity, disease resistance, better meat quality, and enhanced reproductive performance.

2. Reproduction and Genetic Variation: - Plant Breeding: Plants have various reproductive mechanisms, including self-pollination and cross-pollination. Plant breeders can manipulate these mechanisms to create new genetic combinations through controlled pollination, hybridization, and genetic modification. - Animal Breeding: Animals reproduce sexually, and breeders use selective mating to create desired genetic combinations. They may also use artificial insemination and embryo transfer techniques to enhance genetic variation and improve desired traits.

3. Time and Generation Interval: - Plant Breeding: Plants generally have shorter generation intervals compared to animals, allowing for faster breeding cycles. This enables plant breeders to develop new varieties more quickly. - Animal Breeding: Animals typically have longer generation intervals, which means it takes more time to observe and select for desired traits. This can result in longer breeding cycles and slower progress in genetic improvement.

4. Genetic Manipulation Techniques: - Plant Breeding: Plant breeders use various techniques such as conventional breeding, hybridization, mutagenesis, and genetic engineering to introduce desired traits into plants. Genetic engineering allows for precise modification of plant genomes by introducing specific genes. - Animal Breeding: Animal breeders primarily rely on selective breeding, which involves choosing animals with desired traits as parents for the next generation. They may also use assisted reproductive technologies, such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization, to enhance genetic progress.

5. Genetic Diversity and Conservation: - Plant Breeding: Plant breeders often focus on conserving genetic diversity by maintaining a diverse gene pool. This helps ensure the long-term adaptability and resilience of plant populations to changing environmental conditions. - Animal Breeding: Animal breeders also consider genetic diversity, but the emphasis is often on selecting and breeding animals with specific traits. However, efforts are made to prevent the loss of genetic diversity within breeds and to conserve endangered or rare breeds.

6. Ethical Considerations: - Plant Breeding: Plant breeding methods generally do not raise significant ethical concerns, as they primarily involve manipulating plant genomes rather than the welfare of individual organisms. - Animal Breeding: Animal breeding methods may raise ethical concerns related to animal welfare, especially when it involves selective breeding for extreme traits or the use of certain reproductive technologies. Ethical guidelines and regulations are in place to ensure the well-being of animals involved in breeding programs.

In conclusion, while both plant and animal breeding methods aim to improve genetic traits, there are notable differences in their goals, reproductive mechanisms, genetic manipulation techniques, and ethical considerations. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective breeding programs and the development of improved plant and animal varieties.

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