Question

Сходства митоза и мейоза.

Answer 1

Сходства: 1,Имеют одинаковые фазы деления,2.Перед митозом и мейозом происходит самоудвоение молекул ДНК в хромосомах (редупликация) и спирализация хромосом. различия митоз/мейоз: 1. Одно деление. 1. Два последовательных деления. 
2. В метафазе все удвоенные хромосомы выстраиваются по экватору раздельно. 2. Гомологичные удвоенные хромосомы выстраиваются по экватору парами (бивалентами). 
3. Нет конъюгации 3. Есть конъюгация 
4. Удвоение молекул ДНК происходит в интерфазе, разделяющий два деления. 4. Между первым и вторым делением нет интерфазы и не происходит удвоения молекул ДНК. 
5. Образуются две диплоидные клетки (соматические клетки). 5. Образуются четыре гаплоидные клетки (половые клетки). 
6.Происходит в соматических клетках 6. происходит в созревающих половых клетках 
7.Лежит в основе бесполого размножения 7.Лежит в основе полового размножения

Answer 2

1. Энергия и вещества, необходимые для деления накапливаются во время интерфазы 
2. Стадии деления: 
А) . кариокинез: 

- профаза 

- метафаза 

- анафаза 

- телофаза; 

В) . цитокинез

Answer 3

Similarities between Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis and meiosis are both processes involved in cell division. While they have some differences, they also share several similarities. Here are some of the key similarities between mitosis and meiosis:

1. Both processes involve the division of cells: - Mitosis and meiosis are both mechanisms by which cells divide and reproduce. - Mitosis is a form of cell division that occurs in somatic cells, resulting in the production of two identical daughter cells. - Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells (gametes), resulting in the production of four non-identical daughter cells.

2. Both processes involve the replication of DNA: - Before cell division occurs in both mitosis and meiosis, the DNA within the cell is replicated. - This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

3. Both processes involve the separation of chromosomes: - In both mitosis and meiosis, the chromosomes within the cell are separated and distributed to the daughter cells. - This ensures that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.

4. Both processes involve the formation of spindle fibers: - Spindle fibers are structures that help to separate the chromosomes during cell division. - Both mitosis and meiosis involve the formation of spindle fibers to ensure the proper distribution of chromosomes.

5. Both processes involve the formation of daughter cells: - The ultimate goal of both mitosis and meiosis is to produce daughter cells. - In mitosis, two identical daughter cells are produced, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. - In meiosis, four non-identical daughter cells are produced, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

These are some of the key similarities between mitosis and meiosis. It's important to note that while they share similarities, they also have distinct differences in terms of their purpose and outcomes.