Question

Короткие разветвлённые отростки ,воспринимающие и передающие возбуждение

Answer 1

Дендриты — короткие ветвящиеся отростки нервной клетки, воспринимающие сигналы от других нейронов.

Answer 2

Short Branch-like Projections that Receive and Transmit Excitation

Short branch-like projections that receive and transmit excitation are known as dendrites. Dendrites are specialized extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit those signals to the cell body. They play a crucial role in the integration of information within the nervous system.

Dendrites are covered in tiny protrusions called dendritic spines, which increase the surface area available for receiving signals. These spines can undergo structural changes in response to synaptic activity, allowing for synaptic plasticity and the formation of new connections between neurons.

The excitation received by dendrites is in the form of electrical signals called action potentials, which are generated by neighboring neurons. These action potentials travel along the axons of the presynaptic neurons and reach the dendrites of the postsynaptic neurons. At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to receptors on the dendritic spines, initiating a series of biochemical events that lead to the generation of new action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron.

Dendrites are highly branched structures, allowing for the integration of inputs from multiple sources. This branching pattern enables complex information processing within the nervous system. The specific pattern of dendritic branching can vary depending on the type of neuron and its function.

In summary, dendrites are short branch-like projections that receive and transmit excitation in the form of action potentials. They play a crucial role in the integration of information within the nervous system and enable complex information processing.