Question

Составить схему «Виды иммунитета»

Answer 1

Иммунитет бывает враждебным и приобретённым, врожденный делится на естественный врождённый(который был уже при рождении) и враждебный приобретённый ( который был приобретён по ходу жизни ) а преобреткнеый делится на искусственный активный и искусственный пассивный

Answer 2

 может и поможет я старался

Answer 3

Types of Immunity

Innate Immunity: - Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and is present from birth. - It includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components like neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells. - Innate immunity also involves the inflammatory response, which is a non-specific defense mechanism that helps eliminate pathogens and promote tissue repair.

Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity: - Adaptive immunity is a specific response to particular pathogens and develops over time. - It involves the action of lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells, which produce antibodies and target infected cells, respectively. - Adaptive immunity also includes immunological memory, which allows the immune system to respond more effectively to previously encountered pathogens.

Passive Immunity: - Passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of pre-formed antibodies or immune cells from one individual to another. - This can occur naturally, such as the transfer of maternal antibodies to a fetus during pregnancy, or artificially through treatments like antibody injections.

Active Immunity: - Active immunity is developed in response to an infection or vaccination. - It involves the immune system's recognition and response to specific pathogens, leading to the production of memory cells for long-term protection.

Humoral Immunity: - Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies, which are produced by B cells and circulate in the blood and lymph. - This type of immunity is particularly effective against extracellular pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses in the bloodstream or tissues.

Cellular Immunity: - Cellular immunity, also known as cell-mediated immunity, involves the action of T cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells. - This type of immunity is crucial for combating intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and certain bacteria, as well as for recognizing and eliminating cancerous cells.

Mucosal Immunity: - Mucosal immunity provides protection at the body's mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. - It involves specialized immune cells and secretory antibodies that help prevent the entry and spread of pathogens at these vulnerable sites.

Innate Immune Memory: - Recent research has shown that the innate immune system also possesses a form of memory, known as trained immunity. - This phenomenon involves the reprogramming of innate immune cells to provide enhanced protection against subsequent infections, even if they are caused by different pathogens.

Cross-Immunity: - Cross-immunity occurs when immunity to one pathogen provides partial protection against related pathogens. - This phenomenon is observed in cases where exposure to a specific virus or vaccine can confer some degree of protection against closely related strains or even different but structurally similar viruses.

Vaccination and Herd Immunity: - Vaccination plays a crucial role in establishing herd immunity, which occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infections. - Herd immunity helps protect vulnerable individuals who cannot be vaccinated and reduces the overall spread of infectious diseases within a community.

This comprehensive overview outlines the various types of immunity, including innate, adaptive, passive, active, humoral, cellular, mucosal, innate immune memory, cross-immunity, and the role of vaccination in establishing herd immunity.