Question

Помогите пожалуууста! Мне надо все возможные определения что такое вирус!?

Answer 1

Ви́рус — неклеточный инфекционный агент, который может воспроизводиться только внутри живых клеток. Вирусы поражают все типы организмов, от растений и животных до бактерий и архей. Обнаружены также вирусы, поражающие другие вирусы.

Answer 2

Это организм который в не клетки не обитает, проявляет свои свойства только в организме живого существа. Состоят из РНК или ДНК, заключенные в белковую оболочку который назвается капсид. Проникая в клетку, вирус изменяет в ней обмен веществ, направляя свою деятельность на производство вирусной нуклеиновой кислоты и вирусных белков. Происхождение вирусов не известно, есть предположения что клетка появилась в ходе эволюции паразитической клетки. Вот так)) Учи биологию, это безумно интересно))

Answer 3

What is a Virus?

A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can replicate only inside the cells of living organisms. It consists of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an outer envelope made of lipids. Viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites because they require a host cell to reproduce and carry out their life cycle.

Characteristics of Viruses

- Genetic Material: Viruses can have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. This genetic material carries the instructions for viral replication and the production of viral proteins. - Capsid: The genetic material of a virus is enclosed within a protein coat called a capsid. The capsid provides protection to the viral genetic material and helps in the attachment of the virus to host cells. - Envelope: Some viruses have an outer envelope made of lipids. This envelope is derived from the host cell's membrane and helps the virus in evading the host's immune system. - Host Specificity: Viruses have a specific range of hosts they can infect. They can infect animals, plants, bacteria, and even other viruses. - Replication: Viruses cannot replicate on their own. They need to enter a host cell and hijack the cellular machinery to produce new viral particles. - Disease Causing: Many viruses are responsible for causing diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Examples include the flu virus, HIV, and the common cold.

How Viruses Infect Cells

Viruses infect cells by attaching to specific receptors on the surface of the host cell. This attachment is often mediated by viral proteins that bind to complementary receptors on the host cell. Once attached, the virus enters the host cell and releases its genetic material. The viral genetic material then takes control of the host cell's machinery and directs it to produce new viral particles. These new viral particles can go on to infect other cells and continue the cycle of infection.

Impact of Viruses

Viruses can have a significant impact on human health, animal health, and agriculture. Some viruses cause mild illnesses like the common cold, while others can lead to severe diseases such as COVID-19, Ebola, or influenza. Viruses can also cause diseases in animals, leading to economic losses in the agricultural industry. Additionally, viruses can have beneficial effects, such as their use in gene therapy or their role in shaping the evolution of organisms.

Conclusion

In summary, a virus is a microscopic infectious agent that requires a host cell to replicate. It consists of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat and, in some cases, an outer lipid envelope. Viruses can cause a wide range of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Understanding viruses is crucial for developing effective treatments, vaccines, and preventive measures to combat viral infections.