Question

Что такое естественный отбор? кратко пж ответи дам 5 баллов

Answer 1

 Естественный отбор - это выживает наиболее приспособленный к окружающей среде

Answer 2

Естественный отбор — основной эволюционный процесс, в результате действия которого в популяции увеличивается число особей, обладающих максимальной приспособленностью (наиболее благоприятными признаками), в то время, как количество особей с неблагоприятными признаками уменьшается.

Answer 3

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology that describes the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time. It is one of the key mechanisms driving the evolution of species.

How Does Natural Selection Work?

Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits. This leads to the gradual accumulation of advantageous traits in a population over generations.

The process of natural selection can be summarized in the following steps:

1. Variation: Within a population, there is genetic variation, meaning individuals have different traits or characteristics.

2. Heritability: Some of the variation is heritable, meaning it can be passed on from parents to offspring.

3. Differential Survival and Reproduction: Individuals with traits that are advantageous in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to the next generation.

4. Natural Selection: Over time, the frequency of advantageous traits increases in the population, while the frequency of disadvantageous traits decreases.

5. Adaptation: As advantageous traits become more common, the population becomes better adapted to its environment.

Examples of Natural Selection

Natural selection can be observed in various examples in nature. Here are a few examples:

1. Peppered Moths: During the Industrial Revolution in England, the color of tree bark changed due to pollution. This led to a higher survival rate for dark-colored peppered moths, as they were better camouflaged on the darkened trees. As a result, the frequency of dark-colored moths increased in the population.

2. Darwin's Finches: On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed different species of finches with beaks adapted to different food sources. Finches with beaks suited for cracking hard seeds were more successful in times of drought when other food sources were scarce. This led to an increase in the frequency of beak traits that were advantageous for seed-cracking.

3. Antibiotic Resistance: Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics through natural selection. When exposed to antibiotics, bacteria with genetic mutations that confer resistance have a survival advantage. These resistant bacteria can then reproduce and pass on their resistance genes to future generations, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.

Conclusion

In summary, natural selection is the process by which certain heritable traits become more or less common in a population over time. It occurs through the differential survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits. Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism of evolution and has shaped the diversity of life on Earth.