Question

Учёные внесшие вклад в микроорганизмов

Answer 1

АББЕ ЭРНСТ КАРЛ (1840–1905) – нем. физик–оптик. Внес значительный вклад в усовершенствованиемикроскопа–апохроматические линзы (1868), конденсор (1870), иммерсионный объектив (1878). 
АДАНСОН МИШЕЛЬ (1727–1806) – франц. ботаник, впервые применил математические методы всистематике (нумерическая таксономия). 
БЕЙЕРИНК МАРТИН ВИЛЛЕМ (1851–1931) – голл. ботаник и микробиолог, первым выделил и описал чистыекультуры азотфиксирующих клубеньковых бактерий, а также свободноживущих аэробных азотфиксаторов. 
БЕЛОЗЕРСКИЙ АНДРЕЙ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ (1905–1972) – рос. биохимик, акад., основоположник молекулярнойбиологии в СССР. Заложил основы эволюционной геносистематики. 
БЕРДЖИ ДЭВИД ХЕНРИКС (1860–1937) – амер. бактериолог, предложил классифицировать бактерии понебольшому количеству наиболее характерных признаков. Первый «Определитель бактерий Берджи» былиздан в 1923 г. 
БЕРИНГ ЭМИЛЬ АДОЛЬФ (1854–1917) – нем. микробиолог. Предложил противостолбнячную ипротиводифтерийную сыворотки, разработал способ активной иммунизации против дифтерии. Ноб. пр. в 1901г. 
БОРДЕ ЖЮЛЬ (1870–1961) – бельг. иммунолог и микробиолог. Установил возбудителя и разработал методиммунизации против коклюша. Ноб. пр. в 1907 г. 
БУХНЕР ЭДУАРД (1860–1917) – нем. химик и биохимик. В 1897 г. установил, что спиртовое брожение можетосуществляться гомогенатом дрожжевых клеток; это послужило началом изучения ферментов. Ноб. пр. в 1907г. 

Answer 2

Огромный вклад в развитие микробиологии и иммунологии внесли И. И. Мечников

Answer 3

Scientists who made contributions to microbiology

Microbiology is the branch of science that studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Many scientists have made significant contributions to the field of microbiology. Here are a few notable scientists and their contributions:

1. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who made several groundbreaking discoveries in the field of microbiology. He is known for developing the process of pasteurization, which involves heating liquids to kill bacteria and other microorganisms. Pasteur also developed vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax, and his work laid the foundation for the germ theory of disease.

2. Robert Koch (1843-1910): Robert Koch was a German physician and microbiologist who is considered one of the founders of modern bacteriology. He is known for his work on identifying the causative agents of diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Koch's postulates, a set of criteria for establishing the link between a specific microorganism and a disease, are still widely used in microbiology today.

3. Alexander Fleming (1881-1955): Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist who discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin. In 1928, Fleming observed that a mold called Penicillium notatum produced a substance that killed bacteria. This discovery revolutionized the field of medicine and led to the development of many other antibiotics.

4. Sergei Winogradsky (1856-1953): Sergei Winogradsky was a Russian-Ukrainian microbiologist who is known for his pioneering work on the study of soil microbiology and the discovery of lithotrophs, microorganisms that obtain energy from inorganic compounds. He also developed the concept of the nitrogen cycle and made significant contributions to our understanding of microbial ecology.

5. Carl Woese (1928-2012): Carl Woese was an American microbiologist who revolutionized our understanding of the tree of life. He discovered a group of microorganisms called archaea, which are distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes. Woese's work on the analysis of ribosomal RNA led to the development of a new classification system for all living organisms, known as the three-domain system.

These are just a few examples of the many scientists who have made important contributions to the field of microbiology. Their work has greatly advanced our understanding of microorganisms and their impact on human health and the environment.