Question

Обмен какими газами между организмов и средой происходит при дыхании?

Answer 1

Поглощается кислород и выделяется углекислый газ

Answer 2

Exchange of Gases in Respiration

During respiration, the exchange of gases between organisms and their environment occurs. This process involves the intake of oxygen (O2) and the release of carbon dioxide (CO2). Let's explore this exchange in more detail.

1. Oxygen Intake: - Organisms take in oxygen from the environment to support cellular respiration, which is the process that produces energy for various metabolic activities. - In humans and many other animals, oxygen is inhaled through the respiratory system. It enters the body through the nose or mouth, travels down the trachea, and then enters the lungs. - In the lungs, oxygen diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) into the bloodstream, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells for transport to body tissues.

2. Carbon Dioxide Release: - As cells carry out metabolic activities, they produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. - Carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream, primarily in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and dissolved CO2. - In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli and is then exhaled from the body through the respiratory system.

3. Gas Exchange Mechanisms: - The exchange of gases between the organism and the environment occurs through various mechanisms, depending on the organism and its respiratory system. - In humans and many other animals, the exchange of gases occurs through the process of diffusion. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across thin, moist membranes by simple diffusion, from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. - In humans, the exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, where the thin walls allow for efficient diffusion of gases between the air and the bloodstream.

4. Other Factors: - Factors such as concentration gradients, partial pressure differences, and the surface area available for gas exchange influence the efficiency of gas exchange in respiration. - In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide, other gases like nitrogen (N2) and trace amounts of other gases may also be exchanged during respiration, but they are not the primary focus of gas exchange in this context.

In summary, during respiration, organisms take in oxygen from the environment and release carbon dioxide. This exchange occurs through the process of diffusion, primarily in the lungs for humans and many other animals. The exchange of gases is essential for cellular respiration and the removal of waste products from the body.

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