
50 БАЛЛОВ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Объясните механизм образования двигательных рефлексов


Ответы на вопрос




Mechanism of Formation of Motor Reflexes
Motor reflexes are involuntary, automatic responses of the body to certain stimuli. They are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting the body from harm. The mechanism of formation of motor reflexes involves several steps, including sensory input, integration in the central nervous system (CNS), and motor output.
1. Sensory Input: The process of forming motor reflexes begins with sensory input. Specialized sensory receptors located throughout the body detect changes in the environment or internal conditions. These receptors can respond to various stimuli, such as touch, pressure, temperature, pain, or changes in muscle length and tension.
2. Transmission of Sensory Information: Once the sensory receptors detect a stimulus, they generate electrical signals called action potentials. These action potentials travel along sensory neurons, which are specialized nerve cells that transmit sensory information from the receptors to the CNS. The sensory neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
3. Integration in the Central Nervous System (CNS): Upon reaching the CNS, the sensory information is processed and integrated. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. In the case of simple reflexes, such as the knee-jerk reflex, the integration occurs in the spinal cord itself. More complex reflexes involve processing in the brain.
4. Motor Output: After integration, the CNS generates an appropriate motor response. This motor response is carried out by motor neurons, which are specialized nerve cells that transmit signals from the CNS to the muscles or glands. Motor neurons are part of the PNS.
5. Activation of Effectors: The motor neurons transmit signals to the effectors, which are the muscles or glands that carry out the motor response. In the case of muscle reflexes, the motor neurons stimulate the contraction or relaxation of specific muscles. In glandular reflexes, the motor neurons stimulate the secretion or inhibition of specific glands.
6. Execution of Motor Reflex: Once the motor neurons activate the effectors, the motor reflex is executed. The muscles contract or relax, or the glands secrete or inhibit, depending on the specific reflex. This results in a coordinated and automatic response to the initial stimulus.
It is important to note that the formation of motor reflexes is a complex process involving the coordination of various components of the nervous system. The speed and efficiency of reflexes are crucial for the body's survival and well-being.


Топ вопросов за вчера в категории Биология
Последние заданные вопросы в категории Биология
-
Математика
-
Литература
-
Алгебра
-
Русский язык
-
Геометрия
-
Английский язык
-
Химия
-
Физика
-
Биология
-
Другие предметы
-
История
-
Обществознание
-
Окружающий мир
-
География
-
Українська мова
-
Информатика
-
Українська література
-
Қазақ тiлi
-
Экономика
-
Музыка
-
Право
-
Беларуская мова
-
Французский язык
-
Немецкий язык
-
МХК
-
ОБЖ
-
Психология
-
Физкультура и спорт
-
Астрономия
-
Кыргыз тили
-
Оʻzbek tili