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Роль лiзoсомів оргенал у метаболiзмi клiтини а Забезпечення свiтловoi фази фотосинтезу б забезпечення темново фази фотосинтезу В Розщеплення складних сполук до про стiших

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Answer 2

Role of Lysosomes in Cell Metabolism:

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They play a crucial role in cell metabolism by serving as the primary site for intracellular digestion and recycling of cellular waste materials. Lysosomes contain various hydrolytic enzymes that break down macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, into smaller components that can be utilized by the cell for energy production or building new molecules.

The main functions of lysosomes in cell metabolism include:

1. Intracellular Digestion: Lysosomes fuse with endocytic vesicles, which contain materials taken up by the cell through processes like endocytosis or phagocytosis. The enzymes within lysosomes then degrade the ingested materials into simpler molecules, such as amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides, and fatty acids, which can be transported to other cellular compartments for further processing or used as a source of energy.

2. Autophagy: Lysosomes are involved in autophagy, a process that allows cells to recycle damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and other cellular components. During autophagy, a double-membraned structure called an autophagosome engulfs the targeted components and fuses with a lysosome. The lysosomal enzymes then break down the engulfed materials, releasing the building blocks for reuse by the cell.

3. Cellular Homeostasis: Lysosomes help maintain cellular homeostasis by regulating the turnover of cellular components. By degrading unnecessary or dysfunctional molecules and organelles, lysosomes contribute to the overall health and functionality of the cell.

4. Cellular Signaling: Lysosomes also participate in cellular signaling pathways. For example, lysosomes can release signaling molecules, such as calcium ions, into the cytoplasm, which can trigger various cellular responses.

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