Question

Чому гідра може зїсти тварину порівняно великих розмірів а губка, навіть велика, живиться лише дуже малим одноклітинними організмами?

Answer 1

 тому що  гідра  хижак вот чому

Answer 2

Hydra's Ability to Consume Large Prey:

Hydra is a small, freshwater organism that belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. It is known for its unique ability to capture and consume prey that is relatively large compared to its own size. The hydra achieves this through its specialized feeding mechanism.

Hydra's Feeding Mechanism: Hydra has a tubular body with tentacles surrounding its mouth. These tentacles are armed with specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes, which contain nematocysts. When a potential prey comes into contact with the tentacles, the nematocysts discharge and inject venom into the prey, immobilizing it.

Once the prey is immobilized, the hydra uses its tentacles to bring the prey closer to its mouth. The tentacles have specialized cells called cnidocytes, which secrete digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down the prey's tissues, allowing the hydra to absorb the nutrients.

Hydra's Ability to Consume Large Prey: The hydra's ability to consume relatively large prey can be attributed to several factors:

1. Flexible Body: Hydra has a flexible body that can expand and contract, allowing it to accommodate larger prey. This flexibility enables the hydra to engulf and digest prey that is larger than its own size.

2. Efficient Digestive System: Hydra has a simple but efficient digestive system. The digestive enzymes secreted by the cnidocytes help break down the prey's tissues, making it easier for the hydra to extract nutrients. This efficient digestion process enables the hydra to extract a sufficient amount of nutrients from larger prey.

3. Slow Metabolism: Hydra has a relatively slow metabolic rate, which means it does not require a large amount of food to sustain itself. This allows the hydra to consume larger prey less frequently, as it can survive for extended periods without feeding.

Sponge's Feeding Mechanism: Sponges, on the other hand, are filter-feeding organisms that rely on capturing and filtering small particles from the water. They do not possess specialized structures for capturing and consuming larger prey.

Sponge's Feeding Process: Sponges have a unique feeding process that involves filtering water through their bodies. They have specialized cells called choanocytes, which have flagella that create water currents. These currents bring in small particles, such as bacteria and plankton, which are then trapped by the choanocytes and ingested.

Reasons for Sponge's Diet of Small Organisms: The sponge's diet primarily consists of small, single-celled organisms due to the following reasons:

1. Filter-Feeding Adaptation: Sponges have evolved to be efficient filter-feeders, capable of capturing and consuming small particles from the water. Their feeding structures and mechanisms are not designed to capture and consume larger prey.

2. Lack of Specialized Digestive System: Sponges lack a specialized digestive system like hydra. They rely on intracellular digestion, where food particles are engulfed by cells and digested within the cell's cytoplasm. This method is more suitable for processing small particles rather than larger prey.

3. Ecological Niche: Sponges occupy an ecological niche where they play a vital role in filtering and recycling nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. Their diet of small organisms allows them to efficiently extract nutrients from the water and contribute to the overall balance of the ecosystem.

In conclusion, the ability of hydra to consume relatively large prey can be attributed to its flexible body, efficient digestive system, and slow metabolism. On the other hand, sponges primarily feed on small, single-celled organisms due to their filter-feeding adaptation, lack of specialized digestive system, and ecological niche in aquatic ecosystems.