
В чем состоит отличие между растительной клеткой и живой клеткой


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Многие растительные клетки содержат заполненные жидкостью пузырьковыми частицами - вакуолями, которые должны держать клетку под напряжением. Вакуоли заполнены клеточным соком. Иногда этот клеточный сок может быть цветным, как, например, у свеклы. Цвет некоторых цветов тоже завсит от клеточного сока, который содержится в клетках лепестков.
Многие растительные клетки содержат еще хролопласт, который находится в цитоплазме. Хролопласт - это овальные органоиды, в состав которых входит хлорофилл, который придает растению зеленый цвет и необходим при фотосинтезе. Хлорофилл связывает энергию белка, которую использует клетка для свеого питания и жизнедеятельности. Хлоропласты хорошо видны и через обычный оптический микроскоп.
В некоторых растительных клетках есть похожие на хлоропласт системы - хромопласты. Они содержат красный или желтый пигмент, который придает цвет цветам и плодам.



Difference between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
Plant cells and animal cells are both types of eukaryotic cells, but they have some key differences in their structure and function. Here are the main differences between plant cells and animal cells:
Cell Wall: - Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection for the cell. - Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Instead, they have a flexible cell membrane that surrounds the cell.
Shape: - Plant cells are typically rectangular or square-shaped due to the presence of a cell wall. - Animal cells have a more irregular shape and can be round, oval, or elongated.
Vacuoles: - Plant cells have a large central vacuole that takes up most of the cell's volume. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure, which is important for plant structure and support. - Animal cells may have small vacuoles, but they are not as prominent as in plant cells.
Chloroplasts: - Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. - Animal cells do not have chloroplasts since they do not carry out photosynthesis.
Lysosomes: - Plant cells have fewer lysosomes compared to animal cells. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. - Animal cells have more lysosomes, which are involved in various cellular processes such as digestion and recycling of cellular components.
Centrioles: - Plant cells do not have centrioles, which are involved in cell division. - Animal cells have centrioles, which play a role in cell division by organizing the microtubules that form the spindle apparatus.
Plasmodesmata: - Plant cells are connected to each other through plasmodesmata, which are channels that allow for the exchange of materials and communication between adjacent cells. - Animal cells do not have plasmodesmata. Instead, they rely on direct contact or specialized structures like gap junctions for intercellular communication.
Overall Function: - Plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis, producing energy-rich molecules, and providing structural support to the plant. - Animal cells have a wide range of functions, including nutrient uptake, waste elimination, movement, and sensory perception.
In summary, plant cells and animal cells have several differences in terms of their cell wall, shape, vacuoles, chloroplasts, lysosomes, centrioles, plasmodesmata, and overall function. These differences reflect the unique adaptations and specialized functions of each cell type.
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