Question

•G)Стабилизирующий отбор может сопровождаться:1) накоплением рецессивных мутаций;2) накоплением доминантных мутаций;3) уменьшением среднего размера тела в популяции;4) увеличением среднего отношения длины черепа к его ширине у особей популяции

Answer 1

Скорее всего 1
Стабилизирующий отбор- отбор, направленный на сохранение среднего значения признака

Answer 2

Question Details

The question asks which of the following can accompany stabilizing selection:

1. Accumulation of recessive mutations 2. Accumulation of dominant mutations 3. Decrease in average body size in the population 4. Increase in average ratio of cranial length to width among individuals in the population

Stabilizing Selection

Stabilizing selection maintains the status quo by eliminating extreme or uncommon variants in a population in favor of intermediate or average phenotypes. This keeps a population centered around an optimal trait value that is best suited for the environment.

1. Accumulation of recessive mutations is possible under stabilizing selection. Since recessive mutations are not expressed phenotypically in heterozygotes, they are not subject to selection and can accumulate in the population.

2. Accumulation of dominant mutations is not possible, as these would produce observable phenotypic effects and be eliminated by stabilizing selection which removes variants away from the optimal trait value.

3. A decrease in average body size is possible if smaller body sizes are favored by stabilizing selection over larger body sizes.

4. An increase in average cranial ratio is not supported, as stabilizing selection maintains the population average and does not produce directional changes in trait values over time.

Therefore, the possible outcomes of stabilizing selection listed in the question are 1 and 3: accumulation of recessive mutations and decrease in average body size.