Question

Какие спинномозговые рефлексы могут возникать без участия головного мозга?(примеры)

Answer 1

Отдергивание руки от горячего/острого, коленный рефлекс.

Answer 2

Spinal Reflexes that Can Occur Without Involvement of the Brain

Spinal reflexes are automatic responses to certain stimuli that are mediated by the spinal cord without the need for input from the brain. These reflexes are essential for maintaining posture, balance, and coordination. Here are some examples of spinal reflexes that can occur without the involvement of the brain:

1. Withdrawal Reflex: The withdrawal reflex is a protective reflex that occurs when a painful stimulus is applied to a specific body part. For example, if you accidentally touch a hot stove, your hand will automatically pull away from the heat source. This reflex is mediated by the spinal cord and does not require input from the brain.

2. Stretch Reflex: The stretch reflex is a reflexive contraction of a muscle in response to its rapid stretching. This reflex helps to maintain muscle tone and prevent overstretching of muscles. An example of the stretch reflex is the knee-jerk reflex, where tapping the patellar tendon just below the kneecap causes the quadriceps muscle to contract, resulting in a quick extension of the leg.

3. Crossed Extensor Reflex: The crossed extensor reflex is a reflexive response that occurs when one limb is withdrawn in response to a painful stimulus, while the opposite limb extends to support the body's weight. This reflex helps to maintain balance and stability. For example, if you step on a sharp object with your left foot, your right leg will automatically extend to support your body weight while your left leg is withdrawn.

4. Tonic Neck Reflex: The tonic neck reflex is a reflexive response that occurs when the head is turned to one side, causing the limbs on that side to extend and the limbs on the opposite side to flex. This reflex is commonly seen in infants and helps to prepare them for voluntary movements and crawling.

5. Gag Reflex: The gag reflex is a protective reflex that occurs when the back of the throat is stimulated, causing a reflexive contraction of the muscles in the throat to prevent choking. This reflex is mediated by the spinal cord and does not require input from the brain.

These are just a few examples of spinal reflexes that can occur without the involvement of the brain. The spinal cord plays a crucial role in coordinating these reflexes and ensuring the body's immediate response to various stimuli.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and should be verified with additional sources if needed.